PMC

Electroencephalographic recordings of animals submitted to the PTZ-induced seizure model and treated with Curcuma longa and/or diazepam. The linear trace was obtained by electroencephalography (left). Representative 1 s sequence of the EEG trace (center). Spectrogram frequency (right). (A) Animals that received no treatment (SAL-SAL). (B) Animals pretreated with Curcuma longa but not injected with PTZ (CL-SAL). (C) Animals pretreated with diazepam but not injected with PTZ (DZP-SAL). (D) Animals pretreated with Curcuma longa + diazepam not injected with PTZ (CL/DZP-SAL). (E) Animals pretreated with saline and injected with PTZ (SAL-PTZ). (F) Animals pretreated with Curcuma longa and injected with PTZ (CL-SAL). (G) Animals pretreated with diazepam and injected with PTZ (DZP-PTZ). (H) Animals pretreated with Curcuma longa + diazepam and injected with PTZ (CL/DPZ-PTZ). SAL, saline; CL, Curcuma longa; DZP, diazepam; PTZ, pentylenetetrazol.

HPLC analysis of GABA in fermented and water extracted Curcuma longa L. extracts. Representative chromatograms of GABA standards (0, 500, 1000, and 5000 ppm) and fermented Curcuma longa L. extracts (A) and water extracted Curcuma longa L. (B). Representative chromatograms of curcumin; Curcuma longa L. water extract and fermented extract (C).

Curcuma longa L. oil extraction yield as a function of: (A) P (power, W) and R (Curcuma longa L. powder/EtOH ratio, g/mL) at a fixed t (time, min, X₁ = 0); (B) t (time, min) and R (Curcuma longa L. powder/EtOH ratio, g/mL) at a fixed P (power, W, X₂ = 0); (C) t (time, min) and P (power, W) at a fixed R (Curcuma longa L. powder/EtOH ratio, g/mL, X₃ = 0).

(a) Rhizomes of Curcuma longa, (b) fine-dried powder of Curcuma longa