PMC

(A) Currents evoked by hyperpolarizations to –60 mV, –70 mV, and –80 mV from a holding potential of –30 mV before (blue) and after (red) application of 100 nM CBD. (B) Collected results (mean ± SEM) for effect of CBD on steady-state M-current at –50 mV. Current was read at the end of a 1 s step from –30 mV to –50 mV, normalized to current before CBD application, following exposure to 10 nM CBD (n = 7), 30 nM CBD (n = 14), 100 nM CBD (n = 8), or 300 nM CBD (n = 9). The maximum effect of CBD was reached in 6–9 min for 10 nM and 30 nM CBD and 2–6 min for 100 nM and 300 nM CBD. ‘No CBD’ values (n = 10) are for 7–9 min dummy applications. Gray circles: individual cells. Black circles: mean ± SEM. Non-paired two-tailed t-tests: 10 nM CBD vs. No CBD, p=0.85; 30 nM CBD vs. No CBD, p=0.024; 100 nM CBD vs. No CBD, p=0.015; 300 nM CBD vs. No CBD, p=0.012.
Figure 2—source data 1.Source data for .

(A) Currents at a holding voltage of –30 mV and during a 500 ms hyperpolarization to –50 mV in control, after application of 1 μM CBD, and after addition of 3 μM XE-991 in the continuing presence of CBD. (B) Collected data with this protocol. Current was measured at the end of the step to –50 mV, normalized to current before application of CBD. Connected open circles indicate data for individual cells (n = 20 for application of CBD, n = 15 for application of CBD followed by XE-991) and closed circles represent mean ± SEM. Paired t-test for currents after CBD compared to control currents, p=0.00017 (n = 20, two-tailed), paired t-test for currents in CBD + XE-991 compared to CBD, p=0.00038 (n = 15, two-tailed). (C) Currents in control, after application of 3 μM XE-991, and after addition of 1 μM CBD in the continuing presence of XE-991. (D) Collected data with symbols as in (B); n = 15 cells for application of XE-991 followed by CBD. Paired t-test for currents after XE-991 compared to control, p=0.00071 (n = 15, two-tailed), paired t-test for currents in XE-991 + CBD compared to XE-991, p=0.0105 (n = 15, two-tailed).
Figure 3—source data 1.Source data for .

a LACV-L CBD atomic model. Secondary structures are shown. The fold conserved with other sNSV CBD is shown in red and yellow. LACV CBD insertion is shown in orange. The missing loop comprising the active site is shown as a dotted line. b Multiple alignment of six Peribunyaviridae CBD: La Crosse virus (LACV), Bunyamwera virus (BUNYW), Schmallenberg (SVBVH), Macaua virus (MCAV), Wolkberg virus (WBV), and Oya virus. Secondary structures of LACV-L CBD are shown and colored as in a. Missing residues of LACV-L CBD are presented as dotted lines. Conserved residues of Peribunyaviridae CBD active site motif (WNxWQxxR) are shown as orange stars. c Cryo-EM 3D classes corresponding to LACV-L CBD extreme position 1 and 2 are superimposed. CBD movement is compared to LACV-L core and endonuclease that adopt stable positions. Their CBD are, respectively, shown in blue and purple. The endonuclease domain is shown in green. LACV-L core is shown in gray. d Overview and close-up view of the CBD/endonuclease domain interactions in the extreme position 1. Interacting residues are identified and labeled. CBD coloring is the same as in a. e Overview of the CBD/endonuclease domain interaction in the extreme position 2. Interacting residues are identified and labeled. CBD side chain positions remain however hypothetical due to the CBD EM map resolution in extreme position 2.

Physical and chemical profiles of CBD oils. (A) Physical appearance of six cannabidiol (CBD) oils captured with a standard digital camera; (B) claimed and measured CBD concentrations in the six CBD oils. Claimed CBD concentration (blue) and measured CBD concentrations by Aromatic Plant Research Center (APRC, orange), Botanacor (BTNCR, gray), and dōTERRA (DTRR, pink); (C) measured tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration in the six CBD oils. Measured THC concentrations by APRC (blue), BTNCR (orange), and DTRR (pink). CBD and THC concentrations were independently measured by HPLC methods at three different laboratories: APRC, BTNCR, and DTRR; (D) major aroma compounds as a percentage of total terpenes in the six CBD oils. The terpene profiles were measured by a GC-MS method at APRC. CBD oil V1 (blue), V2 (orange), V3 (gray), V4 (yellow), V5 (blue), and V6 (green).