6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione - PMC

Published in final edited form as: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Oct; 287(4): R729–R734. Published online 2004 Jun 3. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00188.2004

PMCID:: PMC4820402

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Characteristics of Spontaneous and Evoked EPSPs Recorded From Dentate Spiny Hilar Cells in Rat Hippocampal Slices

HELEN E. SCHARFMAN

J Neurophysiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 Feb 24.

Published in final edited form as: J Neurophysiol. 1993 Aug; 70(2): 742–757. doi: 10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.742

PMCID:: PMC3286002

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Muscarinic Receptor Activation Elicits Sustained, Recurring Depolarizations in Reticulospinal Neurons

R. W. Smetana, S. Alford, R. Dubuc

J Neurophysiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 May 29.

Published in final edited form as: J Neurophysiol. 2007 May; 97(5): 3181–3192. Published online 2007 Mar 7. doi: 10.1152/jn.00954.2006

PMCID:: PMC2397553

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Novel Evoked Synaptic Activity Potentials (ESAPs) Elicited by Spinal Cord Stimulation

Mahima Sharma, Vividha Bhaskar, Lillian Yang, Mohamad FallahRad, Nigel Gebodh, Tianhe Zhang, Rosana Esteller, John Martin, Marom Bikson

eNeuro. 2023 May; 10(5): ENEURO.0429-22.2023. Prepublished online 2023 May 2. Published online 2023 May 16. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0429-22.2023

PMCID:: PMC10198607

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Stimulation of glutamate receptors in the ventral tegmental area is necessary for serotonin-2 receptor-induced increases in mesocortical dopamine release

E.A. Pehek, A.E. Hernan

Neuroscience. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 Feb 28.

Published in final edited form as: Neuroscience. 2015 Apr 2; 290: 159–164. Published online 2015 Jan 28. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.029

PMCID:: PMC5329887

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Synaptic currents in cerebellar Purkinje cells.

A Konnerth, I Llano, C M Armstrong

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr; 87(7): 2662–2665. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2662

PMCID:: PMC53750

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Effects of antagonists on quisqualate and nicotinic receptor-mediated currents of midbrain neurones in culture.

M. Bijak, W. Jarolimek, U. Misgeld

Br J Pharmacol. 1991 Mar; 102(3): 699–705. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12236.x

PMCID:: PMC1917919

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Latent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the recurrent excitatory pathway between hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons: Ca(2+)-dependent activation by blocking A1 adenosine receptors.

A Klishin, T Tsintsadze, N Lozovaya, O Krishtal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 19; 92(26): 12431–12435. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.26.12431

PMCID:: PMC40371

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Non-NMDA receptors modulate respiratory drive in fetal sheep.

J M Bissonnette, A R Hohimer, S J Knopp

J Physiol. 1997 Jun 1; 501(Pt 2): 415–423. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.415bn.x

PMCID:: PMC1159488

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PMC Images search for 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

Figure 6

Administration of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and amino-5-phosphonopentaoic acid into the caudal nucleus tractus solitarius alleviates chronic pancreatitis induced visceral hypersensitivity. A: Schematic diagram of behavioral test; B: A representative section showing the site of cannula implantation within the caudal nucleus tractus solitarius. Bar = 1 mm; C: Microinjection of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and amino-5-phosphonopentaoic acid (AP-5), instead of saline, increases the abdominal withdraw threshold in chronic pancreatitis rats on postoperative day 14. n = 6 rats in saline and CNQX-treated groups and 7 rats in AP5-treated group, one-way ANOVA, ^cP < 0.001, CNQX or AP5 groups vs saline group. AWT: Abdominal withdraw threshold; CC: Central canal; CNQX: 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; AP-5: Amino-5-phosphonopentaoic acid; TNBS: Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid.

Nucleus tractus solitarius mediates hyperalgesia induced by chronic pancreatitis in rats

World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Oct 28;25(40):6077-6093.
Figure 1

Structural formulas and orientation of the quinoxaline-2,3-diones discussed in the present study within the GluR2 ligand-binding core (S1S2J). (A) The competitive antagonists 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), and [1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-G]quinoxaline-6,7(5H,8H)-dione 1-oxide (FQX). (B) Close-up views of DNQX, CNQX and FQX bound to the S1S2J.

6-Azido-7-nitro-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (ANQX) Forms an Irreversible Bond To the Active Site of the GluR2 AMPA Receptor

J Med Chem. ;51(18):5856-5860.
Fig. 12.

A: excitatory current (ACSF) blocked with the glutamate receptor antagonist blocker 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) with some recovery following 15 min of washout (Wash). B: mean peak response across 17 neurons was suppressed by CNQX (n = 10) or CNQX + MK-801 (n = 7).

Local circuit input to the medullary reticular formation from the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008 Nov;295(5):R1391-R1408.
Fig. 6.

Glutamate receptor antagonists effectively inhibit fictive motor activity. A: trace of 50 µM N-methyl-d aspartate (NMDA)-induced peripheral motor nerve activity before (top) and after (bottom) addition of dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV; 50 µM) to the perfusate. B: trace of 5 µM α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-induced peripheral motor nerve activity before (top) and after (bottom) addition of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 50 µM) to the perfusate.

Glutamate receptor subtypes differentially contribute to optogenetically activated swimming in spinally transected zebrafish larvae

J Neurophysiol. 2019 Dec 1;122(6):2414-2426.