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Testosterone
A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.
Year introduced: 1963
Testosterone Congeners
Steroidal compounds related to TESTOSTERONE, the major mammalian male sex hormone. Testosterone congeners include important testosterone precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with androgenic activities.
Year introduced: 2004
Testosterone Propionate
An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.
5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors
Drugs that inhibit 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE. They are commonly used to reduce the production of DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.
Year introduced: 2011
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of TESTOSTERONE to 5-ALPHA DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.
Year introduced: 2010(1975)
testosterone 17 beta-cypionate [Supplementary Concept]
Date introduced: January 1, 1978
testosterone-17-succinate [Supplementary Concept]
RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer
Date introduced: June 9, 1981
testosterone-17-sulfate [Supplementary Concept]
Date introduced: March 17, 1981
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
A glycoprotein migrating as a beta-globulin. Its molecular weight, 52,000 or 95,000-115,000, indicates that it exists as a dimer. The protein binds testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and estradiol in the plasma. Sex hormone-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as ANDROGEN-BINDING PROTEIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.
Year introduced: 1977
testosterone 7-alpha-hydroxylase, hamster [Supplementary Concept]
a hamster liver microsomal P450 hydroxylase that catalyzes 7-alpha hydroxylation of a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroid hormones (such as testosterone and androstenedione), fatty acids, and xenobiotics
Date introduced: January 1, 1979
testosterone glucuronate [Supplementary Concept]
natural conjugate isolated from human plasma; RN given refers to (beta)-isomer
Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase
A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 16-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme is encoded by a number of genes from several CYP2 subfamilies.
Year introduced: 2003
testosterone 4-n-butylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid [Supplementary Concept]
testosterone ester which maintains serum testosterone of castrated monkeys in normal range for 4 months
Date introduced: November 14, 1986
steroid hormone 6-beta-hydroxylase [Supplementary Concept]
testosterone enanthate [Supplementary Concept]
Date introduced: January 1, 1974
Clusterin
A highly conserved heterodimeric glycoprotein that is differentially expressed during many severe physiological disturbance states such as CANCER; APOPTOSIS; and various NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. Clusterin is ubiquitously expressed and appears to function as a secreted MOLECULAR CHAPERONE.
Year introduced: 2006(1980)
17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
A class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of 17-hydroxysteroids to 17-ketosteroids. EC 1.1.-.
Year introduced: 1978
Receptors, Androgen
Proteins, generally found in the CYTOPLASM, that specifically bind ANDROGENS and mediate their cellular actions. The complex of the androgen and receptor migrates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it induces transcription of specific segments of DNA.
Year introduced: 1986(1977)
Methyltestosterone
A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).
Epitestosterone
The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.
Year introduced: 1991(1975)