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Trochlear nerve disorder

MedGen UID:
888203
•Concept ID:
C4048184
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Trochlear nerve disease
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0007002

Definition

A non-neoplastic or neoplastic disorder affecting the trochlear nerve (IVth cranial nerve). [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTrochlear nerve disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Treatment of Fourth Nerve Palsy.
Koller HP, Olitsky SE, O'Hara M, Nelson LB
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2016 Mar-Apr;53(2):70-4. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20160204-02. PMID: 27018877
Treatment and diagnosis of congenital fourth nerve palsies: an update.
Engel JM
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2015 Jul;26(5):353-6. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000179. PMID: 26247132
Clinical utility and assessment of cyclodeviation.
Lemos J, Eggenberger E
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2013 Nov;24(6):558-65. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000003. PMID: 24100374

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Outcomes of the Harada-Ito Procedure.
Murray C, Marsh I, Newsham D
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2021 Jul-Sep;71(3):97-103. Epub 2021 May 12 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2021.1915728. PMID: 33979270
Superior oblique myokymia.
Zhang M, Gilbert A, Hunter DG
Surv Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Aug;63(4):507-517. Epub 2017 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.10.005. PMID: 29056504
Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.
Tamhankar MA, Biousse V, Ying GS, Prasad S, Subramanian PS, Lee MS, Eggenberger E, Moss HE, Pineles S, Bennett J, Osborne B, Volpe NJ, Liu GT, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ
Ophthalmology 2013 Nov;120(11):2264-9. Epub 2013 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.009. PMID: 23747163Free PMC Article
Paralytic strabismus.
Schiavi C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2000 Oct;11(5):318-23. doi: 10.1097/00055735-200010000-00005. PMID: 11148696
Brown's syndrome.
Wilson ME, Eustis HS Jr, Parks MM
Surv Ophthalmol 1989 Nov-Dec;34(3):153-72. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(89)90100-8. PMID: 2694414

Diagnosis

Parks 3-step test.
Kumar A
Indian J Ophthalmol 2022 Aug;70(8):3167. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_714_22. PMID: 35919015Free PMC Article
Superior oblique myokymia.
Zhang M, Gilbert A, Hunter DG
Surv Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Aug;63(4):507-517. Epub 2017 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.10.005. PMID: 29056504
Trochlear nerve palsy.
Morillon P, Bremner F
Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2017 Mar 2;78(3):C38-C40. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2017.78.3.C38. PMID: 28277775
Torsional Diplopia.
Miller AM
Am Orthopt J 2015;65:21-5. doi: 10.3368/aoj.65.1.21. PMID: 26564921
Isolated Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies.
Kung NH, Van Stavern GP
Semin Neurol 2015 Oct;35(5):539-48. Epub 2015 Oct 6 doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1563568. PMID: 26444399

Therapy

Nuclear Fourth Nerve Palsy.
Kline L, Feldman S, Prattipati V
Ophthalmology 2021 Aug;128(8):1179. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.01.020. PMID: 34294195
Superior oblique myokymia treated with levobunolol.
Zhang M, Gilbert AL, Hunter DG
J AAPOS 2018 Feb;22(1):67-69.e2. Epub 2017 Dec 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.08.010. PMID: 29277497
Superior oblique myokymia.
Zhang M, Gilbert A, Hunter DG
Surv Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Aug;63(4):507-517. Epub 2017 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.10.005. PMID: 29056504
Paralytic strabismus.
Byles DB, Elston JS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998 Oct;9(5):20-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199810000-00005. PMID: 10387476
Neuro-ophthalmology.
Thompson HS
Arch Ophthalmol 1971 Oct;86(4):462-82. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.01000010464021. PMID: 4329269

Prognosis

Superior oblique myokymia treated with levobunolol.
Zhang M, Gilbert AL, Hunter DG
J AAPOS 2018 Feb;22(1):67-69.e2. Epub 2017 Dec 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.08.010. PMID: 29277497
Superior oblique myokymia.
Zhang M, Gilbert A, Hunter DG
Surv Ophthalmol 2018 Jul-Aug;63(4):507-517. Epub 2017 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.10.005. PMID: 29056504
Superior oblique myokymia.
Kattah JC, FitzGibbon EJ
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2003 Sep;3(5):395-400. doi: 10.1007/s11910-003-0022-0. PMID: 12914682
Paralytic strabismus.
Byles DB, Elston JS
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1998 Oct;9(5):20-3. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199810000-00005. PMID: 10387476
Brown's syndrome.
Wilson ME, Eustis HS Jr, Parks MM
Surv Ophthalmol 1989 Nov-Dec;34(3):153-72. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(89)90100-8. PMID: 2694414

Clinical prediction guides

Superior oblique myokymia, a review.
Tandon A, Oliveira C
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2019 Nov;30(6):472-475. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000619. PMID: 31503076
Superior Oblique Myokymia: Some Novel Observations.
Sathyan S, Antony RC
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2017 Jul-Sep;24(3):162-164. doi: 10.4103/meajo.MEAJO_78_17. PMID: 29279659Free PMC Article
Assessing abnormal head posture: a new paradigm.
Halachmi-Eyal O, Kowal L
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2013 Sep;24(5):432-7. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283644f17. PMID: 23925060
Isolated third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve palsies from presumed microvascular versus other causes: a prospective study.
Tamhankar MA, Biousse V, Ying GS, Prasad S, Subramanian PS, Lee MS, Eggenberger E, Moss HE, Pineles S, Bennett J, Osborne B, Volpe NJ, Liu GT, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Galetta SL, Balcer LJ
Ophthalmology 2013 Nov;120(11):2264-9. Epub 2013 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.04.009. PMID: 23747163Free PMC Article
Methyl iodide poisoning: report of two cases.
Hermouet C, Garnier R, Efthymiou M, Fournier P
Am J Ind Med 1996 Dec;30(6):759-64. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199612)30:6<759::AID-AJIM13>3.0.CO;2-1. PMID: 8914723

Recent systematic reviews

Clinical profile and outcomes in Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome; a systematic review.
Ahmed HS, Shivananda DB, Pulkurthi SR, Dias AF, Sahoo PP
J Clin Neurosci 2024 Nov;129:110858. Epub 2024 Oct 3 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.110858. PMID: 39366127
COVID-19 and sudden-onset ocular neurogenic palsy in prior healthy patients: a systematic review.
Spiteri R, Barakat S, Vukicevic M
Strabismus 2023 Jun;31(2):145-151. Epub 2023 Jul 13 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2023.2232419. PMID: 37448224
Surgical Treatment of Trochlear Nerve Schwannomas: Case Series and Systematic Review.
Ozoner B, Gungor A, Ture H, Ture U
World Neurosurg 2022 Jun;162:e288-e300. Epub 2022 Mar 9 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.03.006. PMID: 35276398
Frequency of Diplopia after Intraoperative Nerve Disturbance in Trochlear Nerve Schwannoma: A Case Report and Systematic Review.
Fujiwara E, Adachi K, Tateyama S, Hasegawa M, Hirose Y
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2021 Oct 15;61(10):591-597. Epub 2021 Jul 28 doi: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2021-0079. PMID: 34321383Free PMC Article
Schwannoma of the trochlear nerve-an illustrated case series and a systematic review of management.
Torun N, Laviv Y, Jazi KK, Mahadevan A, Bhadelia RA, Matthew A, Strominger M, Kasper EM
Neurosurg Rev 2018 Jul;41(3):699-711. Epub 2016 Sep 1 doi: 10.1007/s10143-016-0783-y. PMID: 27586875

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