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Myopathy, myofibrillar, 9, with early respiratory failure(MFM9)

MedGen UID:
350930
Concept ID:
C1863599
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: EDSTROM MYOPATHY; Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure; MFM9; Myopathy, distal, with early respiratory failure, autosomal dominant; MYOPATHY, PROXIMAL, WITH EARLY RESPIRATORY MUSCLE INVOLVEMENT
SNOMED CT: MPRM - myopathy, proximal, with early respiratory muscle involvement (702373006); HMERF - hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure (702373006); Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure (702373006); Hereditary proximal myopathy with early respiratory failure (702373006); Edstrom myopathy (702373006)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Gene (location): TTN (2q31.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0011362
OMIM®: 603689
Orphanet: ORPHA178464

Disease characteristics

Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure (HMERF) is a slowly progressive myopathy that typically begins in the third to fifth decades of life. The usual presenting findings are gait disturbance relating to distal leg weakness or nocturnal respiratory symptoms due to respiratory muscle weakness. Weakness eventually generalizes and affects both proximal and distal muscles. Most affected individuals require walking aids within a few years of onset; some progress to wheelchair dependence and require nocturnal noninvasive ventilatory support about ten years after onset. The phenotype varies even among individuals within the same family: some remain ambulant until their 70s whereas others may require ventilator support in their 40s. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Gerald Pfeffer  |  Patrick F Chinnery   view full author information

Additional descriptions

From OMIM
Myofibrillar myopathy-9 with early respiratory failure (MFM9) is an autosomal dominant muscle disorder characterized by adult onset of slowly progressive muscle weakness with diaphragmatic involvement causing respiratory insufficiency. Patients present between 20 and 70 years of age with distal or proximal muscle weakness, mainly affecting the lower limbs with foot drop or difficulty walking. The age at onset is highly variable, even within families. Nearly all patients eventually develop significant proximal and distal weakness, as well as respiratory insufficiency requiring nocturnal ventilation. Additional, more variable features may include axial weakness, neck muscle weakness, and rarely, cardiac involvement. Muscle biopsy shows myopathic or dystrophic changes with fiber splitting, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions consistent with myofibrillar myopathy, rimmed vacuoles, and increased connective or fatty tissue (summary by Pfeffer et al., 2014). For a phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of myofibrillar myopathy (MFM), see MFM1 (601419).  http://www.omim.org/entry/603689
From MedlinePlus Genetics
Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure (HMERF) is an inherited disease that affects muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles) and muscles that are needed for breathing (respiratory muscles).

The major signs and symptoms of HMERF usually appear in adulthood, often in the mid-thirties. Among the earliest signs of the condition are breathing problems and difficulty walking. Weakness of the respiratory muscles, particularly the diaphragm (the muscle that separates the organs in the abdomen from those in the chest), causes breathing problems. This weakness worsens over time and can lead to life-threatening respiratory failure. Some affected individuals have weakness of muscles of the lower leg and foot, which makes it difficult to lift the toes while walking, a condition known as foot drop. Other muscles that become weak in people with HMERF include those of the hips, thighs, upper arms, and neck.

When viewed under a microscope, muscle fibers from affected individuals contain abnormal structures called cytoplasmic bodies. In many cases, the cytoplasmic bodies are arranged side-by-side in a ring inside the muscle fiber, resembling a necklace (necklace cytoplasmic bodies).  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-myopathy-with-early-respiratory-failure

Clinical features

From HPO
Scapular winging
MedGen UID:
66822
Concept ID:
C0240953
Anatomical Abnormality
Abnormal protrusion of the scapula away from the surface of the back.
Shoulder girdle muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
96533
Concept ID:
C0427063
Finding
The shoulder, or pectoral, girdle is composed of the clavicles and the scapulae. Shoulder-girdle weakness refers to lack of strength of the muscles attaching to these bones, that is, lack of strength of the muscles around the shoulders.
Pelvic girdle muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
96534
Concept ID:
C0427064
Finding
Weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle (also known as the hip girdle), that is, lack of strength of the muscles around the pelvis.
Foot dorsiflexor weakness
MedGen UID:
356163
Concept ID:
C1866141
Finding
Weakness of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toes towards the shin. The foot dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles.
Gait disturbance
MedGen UID:
107895
Concept ID:
C0575081
Finding
The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.
Proximal muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
113169
Concept ID:
C0221629
Finding
A lack of strength of the proximal muscles.
Achilles tendon contracture
MedGen UID:
98052
Concept ID:
C0410264
Anatomical Abnormality
A contracture of the Achilles tendon.
Diaphragmatic weakness
MedGen UID:
101067
Concept ID:
C0521532
Finding
A decrease in the strength of the diaphragm.
Quadriceps muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
154367
Concept ID:
C0577655
Sign or Symptom
Weakness of the quadriceps muscle (that is, of the muscle fasciculus of quadriceps femoris).
Frequent falls
MedGen UID:
163408
Concept ID:
C0850703
Finding
Muscle fiber splitting
MedGen UID:
322813
Concept ID:
C1836057
Finding
Fiber splitting or branching is a common finding in human and rat skeletal muscle pathology. Fiber splitting refers to longitudinal halving of the complete fiber, while branching originates from a regenerating end of a necrotic fiber as invaginations of the sarcolemma. In fiber branching, one end of the fiber remains intact as a single entity, while the other end has several branches.
Calf muscle hypertrophy
MedGen UID:
335868
Concept ID:
C1843057
Finding
Muscle hypertrophy affecting the calf muscles.
Neck flexor weakness
MedGen UID:
334801
Concept ID:
C1843637
Finding
Weakness of the muscles involved in neck flexion (sternocleidomastoid, longus capitus, longus colli, and scalenus anterior).
Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter
MedGen UID:
336019
Concept ID:
C1843700
Finding
An abnormally high degree of muscle fiber size variation. This phenotypic feature can be observed upon muscle biopsy.
Rimmed vacuoles
MedGen UID:
340089
Concept ID:
C1853932
Finding
Presence of abnormal vacuoles (membrane-bound organelles) in the sarcolemma. On histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, rimmed vacuoles are popcorn-like clear vacuoles with a densely blue rim. The vacuoles are often associated with cytoplasmic and occasionally intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions.
Myofibrillar myopathy
MedGen UID:
395532
Concept ID:
C2678065
Finding
Other signs and symptoms of myofibrillar myopathy can include a weakened heart muscle (cardiomyopathy), muscle pain (myalgia), loss of sensation and weakness in the limbs (peripheral neuropathy), and respiratory failure. Individuals with this condition may have skeletal problems including joint stiffness (contractures) and abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis). Rarely, people with this condition develop clouding of the lens of the eyes (cataracts).\n\nThe signs and symptoms of myofibrillar myopathy vary widely among affected individuals, typically depending on the condition's genetic cause. Most people with this disorder begin to develop muscle weakness (myopathy) in mid-adulthood. However, features of this condition can appear anytime between infancy and late adulthood. Muscle weakness most often begins in the hands and feet (distal muscles), but some people first experience weakness in the muscles near the center of the body (proximal muscles). Other affected individuals develop muscle weakness throughout their body. Facial muscle weakness can cause swallowing and speech difficulties. Muscle weakness worsens over time.\n\nMyofibrillar myopathy is part of a group of disorders called muscular dystrophies that affect muscle function and cause weakness. Myofibrillar myopathy primarily affects skeletal muscles, which are muscles that the body uses for movement. In some cases, the heart (cardiac) muscle is also affected.
Reduced vital capacity
MedGen UID:
141657
Concept ID:
C0476408
Finding
An abnormal reduction on the vital capacity, which is defined as the total lung capacity (volume of air in the lungs at maximal inflation) less the residual volume (i.e., volume of air in the lungs following maximal exhalation) of the lung.
Respiratory failure
MedGen UID:
257837
Concept ID:
C1145670
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.
Nocturnal hypoventilation
MedGen UID:
375246
Concept ID:
C1843643
Pathologic Function
An abnormal reduction in alveolar ventilation occurring during sleep. This is characterized by a rise in arterial carbon dioxide.
Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration
MedGen UID:
69128
Concept ID:
C0241005
Finding
An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMyopathy, myofibrillar, 9, with early respiratory failure
Follow this link to review classifications for Myopathy, myofibrillar, 9, with early respiratory failure in Orphanet.

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