Tardive dyskinesia is a debilitating motor disorder manifest as hyperkinetic, involuntary, repetitive movements predominantly of the orofacial region. It is a complication of treatment with so-called typical antipsychotic or neuroleptic agents, such as chlorpromazine or haloperidol, and is estimated to occur in 20 to 30% of chronic schizophrenics on long-term treatment (Thelma et al., 2008).

Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities (NEDMSB) is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by failure to thrive in infancy, global developmental delay, hypotonia, motor abnormalities with inability to walk, involuntary movements, impaired intellectual development, absent speech, seizures, and structural brain abnormalities (Alkhater et al., 2018; Dafsari et al., 2022).