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Derealization

MedGen UID:
65850
•Concept ID:
C0233754
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: Derealizations
SNOMED CT: Feeling of unreality (40806005); Derealization (40806005)
 
HPO: HP:5200218

Definition

Depersonalization is a subjective experience in which an individual feels a sense of detachment or estrangement from their surroundings, leading to a distorted perception of the external world. It is characterized by a feeling of unreality or unfamiliarity with one's environment, as if things are dreamlike, artificial, or lacking in significance. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The Treatment of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Wang S, Zheng S, Zhang X, Ma R, Feng S, Song M, Zhu H, Jia H
J Trauma Dissociation 2024 Jan-Feb;25(1):6-29. Epub 2023 Jul 11 doi: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231920. PMID: 37431255
Childhood maltreatment type and severity predict depersonalization and derealization in treatment-seeking women with posttraumatic stress disorder.
King CD, Hill SB, Wolff JD, Bigony CE, Winternitz S, Ressler KJ, Kaufman ML, Lebois LAM
Psychiatry Res 2020 Oct;292:113301. Epub 2020 Jul 17 doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113301. PMID: 32736266Free PMC Article
The Phenomenology of Major Depression and the Representativeness and Nature of DSM Criteria.
Kendler KS
Am J Psychiatry 2016 Aug 1;173(8):771-80. Epub 2016 May 3 doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15121509. PMID: 27138588

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The Prevalence of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Yang J, Millman LSM, David AS, Hunter ECM
J Trauma Dissociation 2023 Jan-Feb;24(1):8-41. Epub 2022 Jun 14 doi: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2079796. PMID: 35699456
The Dissociative Subtype of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Adolescents: Co-Occurring PTSD, Depersonalization/Derealization, and Other Dissociation Symptoms.
Choi KR, Seng JS, Briggs EC, Munro-Kramer ML, Graham-Bermann SA, Lee RC, Ford JD
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017 Dec;56(12):1062-1072. Epub 2017 Oct 4 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.09.425. PMID: 29173740Free PMC Article
Human pharmacology of MDMA: pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition.
de la Torre R, Farré M, Roset PN, Pizarro N, Abanades S, Segura M, Segura J, Camí J
Ther Drug Monit 2004 Apr;26(2):137-44. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200404000-00009. PMID: 15228154
Types of panic attacks and their association with psychiatric disorder and physical illness.
Bovasso G, Eaton W
Compr Psychiatry 1999 Nov-Dec;40(6):469-77. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(99)90092-5. PMID: 10579380
Panic disorder.
Weinstein RS
Am Fam Physician 1995 Nov 15;52(7):2055-63, 2067-8. PMID: 7484706

Diagnosis

The Alice-in-Wonderland Syndrome.
Lanska DJ, Lanska JR
Front Neurol Neurosci 2018;42:142-150. Epub 2017 Nov 17 doi: 10.1159/000475722. PMID: 29151098
Kleine-Levin Syndrome.
Miglis MG, Guilleminault C
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016 Jun;16(6):60. doi: 10.1007/s11910-016-0653-6. PMID: 27137943
Kleine-Levin Syndrome.
Arnulf I
Sleep Med Clin 2015 Jun;10(2):151-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.02.001. PMID: 26055863
Dissociative disorders in DSM-5.
Spiegel D, Lewis-Fernández R, Lanius R, Vermetten E, Simeon D, Friedman M
Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2013;9:299-326. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185531. PMID: 23394228
Types of panic attacks and their association with psychiatric disorder and physical illness.
Bovasso G, Eaton W
Compr Psychiatry 1999 Nov-Dec;40(6):469-77. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(99)90092-5. PMID: 10579380

Therapy

The Treatment of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Wang S, Zheng S, Zhang X, Ma R, Feng S, Song M, Zhu H, Jia H
J Trauma Dissociation 2024 Jan-Feb;25(1):6-29. Epub 2023 Jul 11 doi: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231920. PMID: 37431255
Modern Clinical Research on LSD.
Liechti ME
Neuropsychopharmacology 2017 Oct;42(11):2114-2127. Epub 2017 Apr 27 doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.86. PMID: 28447622Free PMC Article
Human pharmacology of MDMA: pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and disposition.
de la Torre R, Farré M, Roset PN, Pizarro N, Abanades S, Segura M, Segura J, Camí J
Ther Drug Monit 2004 Apr;26(2):137-44. doi: 10.1097/00007691-200404000-00009. PMID: 15228154
Depersonalization and derealization during panic and hypnosis in low and highly hypnotizable agoraphobics.
Van Dyck R, Spinhoven P
Int J Clin Exp Hypn 1997 Jan;45(1):41-54. doi: 10.1080/00207149708416105. PMID: 8991295
Panic disorder.
Weinstein RS
Am Fam Physician 1995 Nov 15;52(7):2055-63, 2067-8. PMID: 7484706

Prognosis

Levels of Depersonalization and Derealization Reported by Recovered and Non-recovered Borderline Patients Over 20 Years of Prospective Follow-up.
Shah R, Temes CM, Frankenburg FR, Fitzmaurice GM, Zanarini MC
J Trauma Dissociation 2020 May-Jun;21(3):337-348. Epub 2020 Jan 30 doi: 10.1080/15299732.2020.1719259. PMID: 32000616Free PMC Article
The genealogy of major depression: symptoms and signs of melancholia from 1880 to 1900.
Kendler KS
Mol Psychiatry 2017 Nov;22(11):1539-1553. Epub 2017 Aug 8 doi: 10.1038/mp.2017.148. PMID: 28785109
Kleine-Levin Syndrome.
Miglis MG, Guilleminault C
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016 Jun;16(6):60. doi: 10.1007/s11910-016-0653-6. PMID: 27137943
Kleine-Levin Syndrome: An Overview and Relevance to Nursing Practice.
Arnone JM, Conti RP
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2016 Mar;54(3):41-7. doi: 10.3928/02793695-20160219-07. PMID: 26935190
Types of panic attacks and their association with psychiatric disorder and physical illness.
Bovasso G, Eaton W
Compr Psychiatry 1999 Nov-Dec;40(6):469-77. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(99)90092-5. PMID: 10579380

Clinical prediction guides

The Treatment of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Wang S, Zheng S, Zhang X, Ma R, Feng S, Song M, Zhu H, Jia H
J Trauma Dissociation 2024 Jan-Feb;25(1):6-29. Epub 2023 Jul 11 doi: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231920. PMID: 37431255
Delusional misidentifications in a procrustean bed.
Christodoulou GN, Margariti M, Christodoulou N
Psychiatriki 2018 Jan-Mar;29(1):15-18. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2018.291.15. PMID: 29754115
Modern Clinical Research on LSD.
Liechti ME
Neuropsychopharmacology 2017 Oct;42(11):2114-2127. Epub 2017 Apr 27 doi: 10.1038/npp.2017.86. PMID: 28447622Free PMC Article
Dissociative symptoms and epilepsy.
Medford N
Epilepsy Behav 2014 Jan;30:10-3. Epub 2013 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.09.038. PMID: 24196397
Types of panic attacks and their association with psychiatric disorder and physical illness.
Bovasso G, Eaton W
Compr Psychiatry 1999 Nov-Dec;40(6):469-77. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(99)90092-5. PMID: 10579380

Recent systematic reviews

The Treatment of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Wang S, Zheng S, Zhang X, Ma R, Feng S, Song M, Zhu H, Jia H
J Trauma Dissociation 2024 Jan-Feb;25(1):6-29. Epub 2023 Jul 11 doi: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2231920. PMID: 37431255
The Prevalence of Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder: A Systematic Review.
Yang J, Millman LSM, David AS, Hunter ECM
J Trauma Dissociation 2023 Jan-Feb;24(1):8-41. Epub 2022 Jun 14 doi: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2079796. PMID: 35699456
Structural and functional brain alterations in psychiatric patients with dissociative experiences: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.
Lotfinia S, Soorgi Z, Mertens Y, Daniels J
J Psychiatr Res 2020 Sep;128:5-15. Epub 2020 May 13 doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.006. PMID: 32480060
Ketamine for pain in adults and children with cancer: a systematic review and synthesis of the literature.
Bredlau AL, Thakur R, Korones DN, Dworkin RH
Pain Med 2013 Oct;14(10):1505-17. Epub 2013 Aug 5 doi: 10.1111/pme.12182. PMID: 23915253
Kleine-Levin syndrome: a systematic review of 186 cases in the literature.
Arnulf I, Zeitzer JM, File J, Farber N, Mignot E
Brain 2005 Dec;128(Pt 12):2763-76. Epub 2005 Oct 17 doi: 10.1093/brain/awh620. PMID: 16230322

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