U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Heartburn

MedGen UID:
5465
•Concept ID:
C0018834
•
Sign or Symptom
Synonyms: Pyroses; Pyrosis
SNOMED CT: Heartburn (16331000); Pyrosis (16331000); Burning reflux (16331000)

Definition

Abdominal discomfort with retrosternal pain usually associated with gastroesophageal reflux. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVHeartburn

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for gastroesophageal reflux disease 2021.
Iwakiri K, Fujiwara Y, Manabe N, Ihara E, Kuribayashi S, Akiyama J, Kondo T, Yamashita H, Ishimura N, Kitasako Y, Iijima K, Koike T, Omura N, Nomura T, Kawamura O, Ohara S, Ozawa S, Kinoshita Y, Mochida S, Enomoto N, Shimosegawa T, Koike K
J Gastroenterol 2022 Apr;57(4):267-285. Epub 2022 Feb 28 doi: 10.1007/s00535-022-01861-z. PMID: 35226174Free PMC Article
AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Personalized Approach to the Evaluation and Management of GERD: Expert Review.
Yadlapati R, Gyawali CP, Pandolfino JE; CGIT GERD Consensus Conference Participants
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 May;20(5):984-994.e1. Epub 2022 Feb 2 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.01.025. PMID: 35123084Free PMC Article
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.
Chen J, Brady P
Gastroenterol Nurs 2019 Jan/Feb;42(1):20-28. doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000359. PMID: 30688703

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy and safety of on-demand vonoprazan versus placebo for non-erosive reflux disease.
Fass R, Vaezi M, Sharma P, Yadlapati R, Hunt B, Harris T, Smith N, Leifke E, Armstrong D
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023 Nov;58(10):1016-1027. Epub 2023 Sep 26 doi: 10.1111/apt.17728. PMID: 37750406
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: key messages for clinicians.
Saracco M, Savarino V, Bodini G, Saracco GM, Pellicano R
Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2021 Dec;67(4):390-403. Epub 2020 Oct 26 doi: 10.23736/S2724-5985.20.02783-X. PMID: 33103406
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Probiotics: A Systematic Review.
Cheng J, Ouwehand AC
Nutrients 2020 Jan 2;12(1) doi: 10.3390/nu12010132. PMID: 31906573Free PMC Article
Presentation and Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
Richter JE, Rubenstein JH
Gastroenterology 2018 Jan;154(2):267-276. Epub 2017 Aug 3 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.045. PMID: 28780072Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and Management of Functional Heartburn.
Hachem C, Shaheen NJ
Am J Gastroenterol 2016 Jan;111(1):53-61; quiz 62. Epub 2016 Jan 5 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2015.376. PMID: 26729546

Diagnosis

Randomised clinical trial: Efficacy and safety of on-demand vonoprazan versus placebo for non-erosive reflux disease.
Fass R, Vaezi M, Sharma P, Yadlapati R, Hunt B, Harris T, Smith N, Leifke E, Armstrong D
Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023 Nov;58(10):1016-1027. Epub 2023 Sep 26 doi: 10.1111/apt.17728. PMID: 37750406
How safe are heartburn medications and who should use them?
Savarino V, Marabotto E, Zentilin P, De Bortoli N, Visaggi P, Furnari M, Bodini G, Giannini E, Savarino E
Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023 Jul-Dec;22(8):643-652. Epub 2023 Jul 21 doi: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2238592. PMID: 37477199
Reflux Hypersensitivity: How to Approach Diagnosis and Management.
Aggarwal P, Kamal AN
Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2020 Jul 10;22(9):42. doi: 10.1007/s11894-020-00779-x. PMID: 32651667
Diagnosis and Management of Functional Heartburn.
Hachem C, Shaheen NJ
Am J Gastroenterol 2016 Jan;111(1):53-61; quiz 62. Epub 2016 Jan 5 doi: 10.1038/ajg.2015.376. PMID: 26729546
Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Fock KM, Poh CH
J Gastroenterol 2010 Aug;45(8):808-15. Epub 2010 Jun 29 doi: 10.1007/s00535-010-0274-9. PMID: 20585811

Therapy

Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.
Narula N, Dhillon A, Zhang D, Sherlock ME, Tondeur M, Zachos M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Apr 1;4(4):CD000542. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000542.pub3. PMID: 29607496Free PMC Article
Peppermint oil for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Khanna R, MacDonald JK, Levesque BG
J Clin Gastroenterol 2014 Jul;48(6):505-12. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3182a88357. PMID: 24100754
Dyspepsia: organic versus functional.
Oustamanolakis P, Tack J
J Clin Gastroenterol 2012 Mar;46(3):175-90. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e318241b335. PMID: 22327302
Colesevelam.
Melian EB, Plosker GL
Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2001;1(2):141-6; discussion 147-8. doi: 10.2165/00129784-200101020-00007. PMID: 14728043
Efficacy and safety of esomeprazole compared with omeprazole in GERD patients with erosive esophagitis: a randomized controlled trial.
Richter JE, Kahrilas PJ, Johanson J, Maton P, Breiter JR, Hwang C, Marino V, Hamelin B, Levine JG; Esomeprazole Study Investigators
Am J Gastroenterol 2001 Mar;96(3):656-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.3600_b.x. PMID: 11280530

Prognosis

Heartburn and dyspepsia symptom severity improves after treatment and correlates with histology in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis.
Eluri S, Perjar I, Betancourt R, Randall C, Raja S, Woosley JT, Shaheen NJ, Dellon ES
Dis Esophagus 2019 Nov 13;32(9) doi: 10.1093/dote/doz028. PMID: 31329864Free PMC Article
Gene-Environment Interactions and the Risk of Barrett's Esophagus in Three US Cohorts.
Crous-Bou M, Jovani M, De Vivo I, Jacobson BC
Am J Gastroenterol 2019 Jun;114(6):893-899. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000219. PMID: 30950840Free PMC Article
Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review.
El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J
Gut 2014 Jun;63(6):871-80. Epub 2013 Jul 13 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269. PMID: 23853213Free PMC Article
Constipation, haemorrhoids, and heartburn in pregnancy.
Vazquez JC
BMJ Clin Evid 2010 Aug 3;2010 PMID: 21418682Free PMC Article
Constipation, haemorrhoids, and heartburn in pregnancy.
Vazquez JC
BMJ Clin Evid 2008 Feb 20;2008 PMID: 19450328Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Lymphocytic oesophagitis: diagnosis and management.
Hussein M, Mitchison M, Sweis R
Clin Med (Lond) 2023 Nov;23(6):540-544. doi: 10.7861/clinmed.2023-0440. PMID: 38065611
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms and Signs in Clinical Practice.
Lechien JR
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023 Jul;169(1):97-104. Epub 2023 Jan 29 doi: 10.1177/01945998221121822. PMID: 36040820
Randomized Trial of Medical versus Surgical Treatment for Refractory Heartburn.
Spechler SJ, Hunter JG, Jones KM, Lee R, Smith BR, Mashimo H, Sanchez VM, Dunbar KB, Pham TH, Murthy UK, Kim T, Jackson CS, Wallen JM, von Rosenvinge EC, Pearl JP, Laine L, Kim AW, Kaz AM, Tatum RP, Gellad ZF, Lagoo-Deenadayalan S, Rubenstein JH, Ghaferi AA, Lo WK, Fernando RS, Chan BS, Paski SC, Provenzale D, Castell DO, Lieberman D, Souza RF, Chey WD, Warren SR, Davis-Karim A, Melton SD, Genta RM, Serpi T, Biswas K, Huang GD
N Engl J Med 2019 Oct 17;381(16):1513-1523. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811424. PMID: 31618539
A Modern Magnetic Implant for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
Ganz RA
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017 Sep;15(9):1326-1337. Epub 2016 Dec 24 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.12.019. PMID: 28025156
Overlap of functional heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease with irritable bowel syndrome.
de Bortoli N, Martinucci I, Bellini M, Savarino E, Savarino V, Blandizzi C, Marchi S
World J Gastroenterol 2013 Sep 21;19(35):5787-97. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i35.5787. PMID: 24124323Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Probiotics: A Systematic Review.
Cheng J, Ouwehand AC
Nutrients 2020 Jan 2;12(1) doi: 10.3390/nu12010132. PMID: 31906573Free PMC Article
Enteral nutritional therapy for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.
Narula N, Dhillon A, Zhang D, Sherlock ME, Tondeur M, Zachos M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Apr 1;4(4):CD000542. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000542.pub3. PMID: 29607496Free PMC Article
Lifestyle Intervention in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.
Ness-Jensen E, Hveem K, El-Serag H, Lagergren J
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016 Feb;14(2):175-82.e1-3. Epub 2015 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.04.176. PMID: 25956834Free PMC Article
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting.
Viljoen E, Visser J, Koen N, Musekiwa A
Nutr J 2014 Mar 19;13:20. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-20. PMID: 24642205Free PMC Article
Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review.
El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J
Gut 2014 Jun;63(6):871-80. Epub 2013 Jul 13 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-304269. PMID: 23853213Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...