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Anomalous trichromacy

MedGen UID:
868905
•Concept ID:
C4023316
•
Anatomical Abnormality
HPO: HP:0011519

Definition

Individuals with anomalous trichromacy possess three types of cones, but one of the three types of cones has an abnormal spectral sensitivity compared to normal cones. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVAnomalous trichromacy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Can Protanopia Be Correctly Diagnosed in Clinical Practice? An Evaluation of Diagnosis by Four Screening Tests.
Davison PA, Scanlon G
Optom Vis Sci 2020 Oct;97(10):852-856. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001582. PMID: 33055513
Variety of genotypes in males diagnosed as dichromatic on a conventional clinical anomaloscope.
Neitz M, Carroll J, Renner A, Knau H, Werner JS, Neitz J
Vis Neurosci 2004 May-Jun;21(3):205-16. doi: 10.1017/s0952523804213293. PMID: 15518190Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Color Compensation in Anomalous Trichromats Assessed with fMRI.
Tregillus KEM, Isherwood ZJ, Vanston JE, Engel SA, MacLeod DIA, Kuriki I, Webster MA
Curr Biol 2021 Mar 8;31(5):936-942.e4. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.039. PMID: 33326771Free PMC Article
Compensation for red-green contrast loss in anomalous trichromats.
Boehm AE, MacLeod DI, Bosten JM
J Vis 2014 Nov 20;14(13):19. doi: 10.1167/14.13.19. PMID: 25413625Free PMC Article
A physiologically-based model for simulation of color vision deficiency.
Machado GM, Oliveira MM, Fernandes LA
IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 2009 Nov-Dec;15(6):1291-8. doi: 10.1109/TVCG.2009.113. PMID: 19834201
The simple perfection of quantum correlation in human vision.
Bouman MA
Prog Neurobiol 2006 Jan;78(1):38-60. Epub 2005 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.11.006. PMID: 16377059
A study of women heterozygous for colour deficiencies.
Jordan G, Mollon JD
Vision Res 1993 Jul;33(11):1495-508. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(93)90143-k. PMID: 8351822

Diagnosis

Screening for mild anomalous trichromacy using the Ishihara plates test.
Somers LP, Bosten JM
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2023 Mar 1;40(3):A208-A219. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.476536. PMID: 37133039
Color discrimination in anomalous trichromacy: Experiment and theory.
Boehm AE, Bosten J, MacLeod DIA
Vision Res 2021 Nov;188:85-95. Epub 2021 Jul 20 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.05.011. PMID: 34293614
Task-dependent contrast gain in anomalous trichromats.
Vanston JE, Tregillus KEM, Webster MA, Crognale MA
Vision Res 2021 Jul;184:14-22. Epub 2021 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.02.003. PMID: 33773293Free PMC Article
Color Compensation in Anomalous Trichromats Assessed with fMRI.
Tregillus KEM, Isherwood ZJ, Vanston JE, Engel SA, MacLeod DIA, Kuriki I, Webster MA
Curr Biol 2021 Mar 8;31(5):936-942.e4. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.039. PMID: 33326771Free PMC Article
The dimensionality of color vision in carriers of anomalous trichromacy.
Jordan G, Deeb SS, Bosten JM, Mollon JD
J Vis 2010 Jul 1;10(8):12. doi: 10.1167/10.8.12. PMID: 20884587

Therapy

Prevalence of congenital color vision defects in Saudi females of Arab origin.
Alabdelmoneam M
Optometry 2011 Sep;82(9):543-8. Epub 2011 Jun 15 doi: 10.1016/j.optm.2011.01.013. PMID: 21680257
The dimensionality of color vision in carriers of anomalous trichromacy.
Jordan G, Deeb SS, Bosten JM, Mollon JD
J Vis 2010 Jul 1;10(8):12. doi: 10.1167/10.8.12. PMID: 20884587
The simple perfection of quantum correlation in human vision.
Bouman MA
Prog Neurobiol 2006 Jan;78(1):38-60. Epub 2005 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.11.006. PMID: 16377059

Prognosis

Color contrast adaptation and compensation in color deficiencies.
Basim F, Goddard E, Yang Y, Webster MA
J Vis 2025 Aug 1;25(10):17. doi: 10.1167/jov.25.10.17. PMID: 40879282Free PMC Article
Screening for mild anomalous trichromacy using the Ishihara plates test.
Somers LP, Bosten JM
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2023 Mar 1;40(3):A208-A219. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.476536. PMID: 37133039
Color discrimination in anomalous trichromacy: Experiment and theory.
Boehm AE, Bosten J, MacLeod DIA
Vision Res 2021 Nov;188:85-95. Epub 2021 Jul 20 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.05.011. PMID: 34293614
Color Compensation in Anomalous Trichromats Assessed with fMRI.
Tregillus KEM, Isherwood ZJ, Vanston JE, Engel SA, MacLeod DIA, Kuriki I, Webster MA
Curr Biol 2021 Mar 8;31(5):936-942.e4. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.039. PMID: 33326771Free PMC Article
Evaluation of single-pigment shift model of anomalous trichromacy.
Pokorny J, Smith VC
J Opt Soc Am 1977 Sep;67(9):1196-1209. doi: 10.1364/josa.67.001196. PMID: 409816

Clinical prediction guides

Global Prevalence of Congenital Color Vision Deficiency among Children and Adolescents, 1932-2022.
Jeong YD, Cho J, Son Y, Jo Y, Yim Y, Kim TH, Kim S, Cho H, Rahmati M, Smith L, Woo HG, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Yang JM, Yon DK
Ophthalmology 2025 Dec;132(12):1431-1444. Epub 2025 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.07.031. PMID: 40769301
Screening for mild anomalous trichromacy using the Ishihara plates test.
Somers LP, Bosten JM
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2023 Mar 1;40(3):A208-A219. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.476536. PMID: 37133039
Color discrimination in anomalous trichromacy: Experiment and theory.
Boehm AE, Bosten J, MacLeod DIA
Vision Res 2021 Nov;188:85-95. Epub 2021 Jul 20 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.05.011. PMID: 34293614
Task-dependent contrast gain in anomalous trichromats.
Vanston JE, Tregillus KEM, Webster MA, Crognale MA
Vision Res 2021 Jul;184:14-22. Epub 2021 Mar 25 doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.02.003. PMID: 33773293Free PMC Article
Color Compensation in Anomalous Trichromats Assessed with fMRI.
Tregillus KEM, Isherwood ZJ, Vanston JE, Engel SA, MacLeod DIA, Kuriki I, Webster MA
Curr Biol 2021 Mar 8;31(5):936-942.e4. Epub 2020 Dec 15 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.039. PMID: 33326771Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Global Prevalence of Congenital Color Vision Deficiency among Children and Adolescents, 1932-2022.
Jeong YD, Cho J, Son Y, Jo Y, Yim Y, Kim TH, Kim S, Cho H, Rahmati M, Smith L, Woo HG, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Yang JM, Yon DK
Ophthalmology 2025 Dec;132(12):1431-1444. Epub 2025 Aug 5 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.07.031. PMID: 40769301

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