A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.

The distal and proximal transverse palmar creases are merged into a single transverse palmar crease.

An angulation of a digit at an interphalangeal joint in the plane of the palm (finger) or sole (toe).

A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).

Abnormally low body weight.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the major histologic type of malignant primary liver neoplasm. It is the fifth most common cancer and the third most common cause of death from cancer worldwide. The major risk factors for HCC are chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, prolonged dietary aflatoxin exposure, alcoholic cirrhosis, and cirrhosis due to other causes. Hepatoblastomas comprise 1 to 2% of all malignant neoplasms of childhood, most often occurring in children under 3 years of age. Hepatoblastomas are thought to be derived from undifferentiated hepatocytes (Taniguchi et al., 2002).

Degenerative changes of the fat tissue.

Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility. According to the WHO criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviations or more below the average value for young healthy adults (a T-score below -2.5 SD).

Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.

An elbow contracture that limits the ability of the elbow joint to be extended (straightened), meaning that the elbow is fixed in an flexed (bent) position.

A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.

The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).

Low set, steeply sloping shoulders.

A defect of the chest wall characterized by a depression of the sternum, giving the chest ("pectus") a caved-in ("excavatum") appearance.

Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.

Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.

Anterior positioning of the nasal root in comparison to the usual positioning for age.

Development of gray hair at a younger than normal age.

Reduced density of hairs.

A decreased functionality of the gonad.

A cataract is an opacity or clouding that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its capsule.

A type of cataract affecting the posterior pole of lens immediately adjacent to ('beneath') the Lens capsule.