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Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)

MedGen UID:
21345
•Concept ID:
C0038436
•
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: PTSD
SNOMED CT: Traumatic neurosis (47505003); PTSD - Post-traumatic stress disorder (47505003); Post-traumatic stress syndrome (47505003); Post-traumatic stress disorder (47505003); Posttraumatic stress disorder (47505003)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005146

Definition

An anxiety disorder precipitated by an experience of intense fear or horror while exposed to a traumatic (especially life-threatening) event. The disorder is characterized by intrusive recurring thoughts or images of the traumatic event; avoidance of anything associated with the event; a state of hyperarousal and diminished emotional responsiveness. These symptoms are present for at least one month and the disorder is usually long-term. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPost-traumatic stress disorder

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Post-dural puncture headache diagnosis and management.
Vallejo MC, Zakowski MI
Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2022 May;36(1):179-189. Epub 2022 Jan 25 doi: 10.1016/j.bpa.2022.01.002. PMID: 35659954
A Review of PTSD and Current Treatment Strategies.
Schrader C, Ross A
Mo Med 2021 Nov-Dec;118(6):546-551. PMID: 34924624Free PMC Article
Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

A Review on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies.
Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, Chaudhary A
Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022;15(3):502-516. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210525160944. PMID: 34036925
Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth.
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Preventing post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth and traumatic birth experiences: a systematic review.
de Graaff LF, Honig A, van Pampus MG, Stramrood CAI
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018 Jun;97(6):648-656. Epub 2018 Mar 2 doi: 10.1111/aogs.13291. PMID: 29336486
Anxiety.
Dean E
Nurs Stand 2016 Jul 13;30(46):15. doi: 10.7748/ns.30.46.15.s17. PMID: 27406490
Prevention of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Trauma: Current Evidence and Future Directions.
Qi W, Gevonden M, Shalev A
Curr Psychiatry Rep 2016 Feb;18(2):20. doi: 10.1007/s11920-015-0655-0. PMID: 26800995Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Merians AN, Spiller T, Harpaz-Rotem I, Krystal JH, Pietrzak RH
Med Clin North Am 2023 Jan;107(1):85-99. Epub 2022 Oct 28 doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.003. PMID: 36402502
Complex post-traumatic stress disorder.
Maercker A, Cloitre M, Bachem R, Schlumpf YR, Khoury B, Hitchcock C, Bohus M
Lancet 2022 Jul 2;400(10345):60-72. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00821-2. PMID: 35780794
A Review on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Symptoms, Therapies and Recent Case Studies.
Thakur A, Choudhary D, Kumar B, Chaudhary A
Curr Mol Pharmacol 2022;15(3):502-516. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210525160944. PMID: 34036925
Inflammation and post-traumatic stress disorder.
Hori H, Kim Y
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019 Apr;73(4):143-153. Epub 2019 Feb 21 doi: 10.1111/pcn.12820. PMID: 30653780
Post-traumatic stress disorder: theory and treatment update.
Kirkpatrick HA, Heller GM
Int J Psychiatry Med 2014;47(4):337-46. doi: 10.2190/PM.47.4.h. PMID: 25084856

Therapy

Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
Psychedelic drugs-a new era in
psychiatry?
.
Nutt D
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2019;21(2):139-147. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.2/dnutt. PMID: 31636488Free PMC Article
25 years of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): The EMDR therapy protocol, hypotheses of its mechanism of action and a systematic review of its efficacy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Novo Navarro P, Landin-Romero R, Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe R, Moreno-Alcázar A, Valiente-Gómez A, Lupo W, García F, Fernández I, Pérez V, Amann BL
Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2018 Apr-Jun;11(2):101-114. Epub 2016 Feb 11 doi: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2015.12.002. PMID: 26877093
Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.
Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 13;2013(12):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4. PMID: 24338345Free PMC Article
Family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Jabre P, Belpomme V, Azoulay E, Jacob L, Bertrand L, Lapostolle F, Tazarourte K, Bouilleau G, Pinaud V, Broche C, Normand D, Baubet T, Ricard-Hibon A, Istria J, Beltramini A, Alheritiere A, Assez N, Nace L, Vivien B, Turi L, Launay S, Desmaizieres M, Borron SW, Vicaut E, Adnet F
N Engl J Med 2013 Mar 14;368(11):1008-18. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1203366. PMID: 23484827

Prognosis

Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management.
Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P
BMJ 2021 Jul 26;374:n1648. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1648. PMID: 34312178
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Severe Maternal Morbidity.
Small MJ, Gondwe KW, Brown HL
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2020 Sep;47(3):453-461. Epub 2020 May 31 doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.04.004. PMID: 32762930
EMDR therapy in children and adolescents who have post-traumatic stress disorder: a six-week follow-up study.
Karadag M, Gokcen C, Sarp AS
Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2020 Mar;24(1):77-82. Epub 2019 Oct 30 doi: 10.1080/13651501.2019.1682171. PMID: 31663396
Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease.
Edmondson D, von Känel R
Lancet Psychiatry 2017 Apr;4(4):320-329. Epub 2017 Jan 19 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30377-7. PMID: 28109646Free PMC Article
Intensive care diaries reduce new onset post traumatic stress disorder following critical illness: a randomised, controlled trial.
Jones C, Bäckman C, Capuzzo M, Egerod I, Flaatten H, Granja C, Rylander C, Griffiths RD; RACHEL group
Crit Care 2010;14(5):R168. Epub 2010 Sep 15 doi: 10.1186/cc9260. PMID: 20843344Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Dissecting the causal association between inflammation and post-traumatic stress disorder: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.
Zuo C, Zhuang Z, Yang P, Zhang H, Li X, Huang T, Ahluwalia TS
J Affect Disord 2023 Jul 15;333:436-445. Epub 2023 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.080. PMID: 37086801
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Outcomes in Military Clinics.
Mclay R, Fesperman S, Webb-Murphy J, Delaney E, Ram V, Nebeker B, Burce CM
Mil Med 2023 May 16;188(5-6):e1117-e1124. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usab454. PMID: 34791409
Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth.
Ertan D, Hingray C, Burlacu E, Sterlé A, El-Hage W
BMC Psychiatry 2021 Mar 16;21(1):155. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03158-6. PMID: 33726703Free PMC Article
Trial of Prazosin for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans.
Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Chow B, Harris C, Davis-Karim A, Holmes HA, Hart KL, McFall M, Mellman TA, Reist C, Romesser J, Rosenheck R, Shih MC, Stein MB, Swift R, Gleason T, Lu Y, Huang GD
N Engl J Med 2018 Feb 8;378(6):507-517. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507598. PMID: 29414272
Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiometabolic disease: improving causal inference to inform practice.
Koenen KC, Sumner JA, Gilsanz P, Glymour MM, Ratanatharathorn A, Rimm EB, Roberts AL, Winning A, Kubzansky LD
Psychol Med 2017 Jan;47(2):209-225. Epub 2016 Oct 4 doi: 10.1017/S0033291716002294. PMID: 27697083Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Psychological treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: a network meta-analysis.
Mavranezouli I, Megnin-Viggars O, Daly C, Dias S, Welton NJ, Stockton S, Bhutani G, Grey N, Leach J, Greenberg N, Katona C, El-Leithy S, Pilling S
Psychol Med 2020 Mar;50(4):542-555. Epub 2020 Feb 17 doi: 10.1017/S0033291720000070. PMID: 32063234
Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review.
Hailes HP, Yu R, Danese A, Fazel S
Lancet Psychiatry 2019 Oct;6(10):830-839. Epub 2019 Sep 10 doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30286-X. PMID: 31519507Free PMC Article
A systematic review of variables associated with sleep paralysis.
Denis D, French CC, Gregory AM
Sleep Med Rev 2018 Apr;38:141-157. Epub 2017 Jun 8 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.05.005. PMID: 28735779
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Yildiz PD, Ayers S, Phillips L
J Affect Disord 2017 Jan 15;208:634-645. Epub 2016 Oct 27 doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.009. PMID: 27865585
Psychological therapies for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults.
Bisson JI, Roberts NP, Andrew M, Cooper R, Lewis C
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013 Dec 13;2013(12):CD003388. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4. PMID: 24338345Free PMC Article

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