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Karyorrhexis

MedGen UID:
137694
•Concept ID:
C0333732
•
Cell or Molecular Dysfunction
Synonyms: Karyolysis; Nuclear degeneration
SNOMED CT: Nuclear degeneration (34064004); Karyorrhexis (34064004); Karyolysis (34064004)

Definition

Degeneration of the cell nucleus marked by contraction of the chromatin into small pieces and loss of the nuclear boundary. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVKaryorrhexis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Necrosis in lymph nodes and their differential diagnoses: application of reticulin staining.
Yu SC, Chen HH, Lin PY
Virchows Arch 2024 Jul;485(1):137-142. Epub 2023 Jul 1 doi: 10.1007/s00428-023-03588-5. PMID: 37392241
Analysis of the short-term effect of photodynamic therapy on primary bronchial lung cancer.
Lin C, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Sun P, Gao Z, Cui S
Lasers Med Sci 2021 Jun;36(4):753-761. Epub 2020 Jun 27 doi: 10.1007/s10103-020-03080-5. PMID: 32594348Free PMC Article
Construction of EGFR peptide gefitinib/quantum dots long circulating polymeric liposomes for treatment and detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Liu Y, Zhao Y, Luo H, Liu F, Wu Y
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017 Aug 19;490(2):141-146. Epub 2017 Jun 16 doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.011. PMID: 28595906

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Immunohistochemistry in placental pathology.
Stanek J
Pol J Pathol 2026 Jun 25;77(2):141-155. doi: 10.5114/pjp.2026.162570. PMID: 42429423
Fetal vascular malperfusion and other placental lesions in relation to maternal SARS-CoV-2 exposure: a case-control study.
Mwandoto I, Temmerman M, Gichere I, Okiro P
Front Med (Lausanne) 2026;13:1774613. Epub 2026 May 7 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1774613. PMID: 42180721Free PMC Article
Increased Genetic Instability in Exfoliated Oral Cells in Patients With Epidermolysis Bullosa.
Franzosi ACSF, Badaró RF, Leal LF, Torrelio RMF, Bautz WG, da Gama-de-Souza LN
Oral Dis 2026 Apr 16 doi: 10.1111/odi.70316. PMID: 41992547
Generation and viability evaluation of human precision-cut placental slices for ex vivo studies.
Wang H, Pierik E, Schoots M, Wijmans C, Hammond J, Elzinga F, Vos M, Gordijn S, Touw D, Prins JR, Olinga P, Mian P
Placenta 2026 May 4;178:10-20. Epub 2026 Mar 18 doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2026.03.008. PMID: 41875669
Cytogenetic Biomonitoring in Buccal Mucosal Cells from Children Exposed to Potentially Toxic Elements in Drinking Water: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Cury PR, Fonseca G, Nunes de Carvalho G, Nunes Dos Santos J, Ribeiro DA
J Pediatr 2026 May;292:115007. Epub 2026 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.115007. PMID: 41570976

Diagnosis

Kikuchi-Fujimoto-Like Renal Involvement in Autoimmune Disease.
Andeen NK, Caza T, Sood S, Kurien AA, Dougherty J, Kung VL, Dunlap J, Avasare RS, Deodhar A, Troxell ML, Cossey LN, Larsen C, Ambruzs J
Kidney Int Rep 2026 Nov;11(11):107035. Epub 2026 Aug 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2026.107035. PMID: 42774920Free PMC Article
Immunohistochemistry in placental pathology.
Stanek J
Pol J Pathol 2026 Jun 25;77(2):141-155. doi: 10.5114/pjp.2026.162570. PMID: 42429423
Risk Assessment of Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Exposure: A Systematic Review.
Arisandy M, Wulansari DP, Yunus B
Acta Med Philipp 2026;60(6):92-98. Epub 2026 Mar 31 doi: 10.47895/amp.vi0.11503. PMID: 42040878Free PMC Article
Improved Outcomes for Older Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Neuroblastoma in the Post-Immunotherapy Era: An Updated Report From the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group.
Deyell RJ, Srivatsa K, Angelini P, Kao PC, Payne B, Naranjo A, Castelli S, Kato M, Ohira M, Pöetschger U, Mossé Y, Moreno L, Irwin MS, Ramanujachar R, London WB
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2026 Apr;73(4):e70124. Epub 2026 Jan 16 doi: 10.1002/1545-5017.70124. PMID: 41546455
Interobserver agreement analysis among renal pathologists in classification of lupus nephritis using a digital pathology image dataset: after a third evaluation.
Pyo JY, Jeon N, Shin SJ, Jung M, Lim BJ, Eom M, Choi SE
Kidney Res Clin Pract 2026 Jul;45(4):504-515. Epub 2024 Dec 11 doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.24.185. PMID: 39676523Free PMC Article

Therapy

Enhanced antitumor activity of atorvastatin and luteolin, with or without doxorubicin, in a solid Ehrlich carcinoma mouse model: modulation of ABC transporters, telomerase, and cancer stem cells.
Al-Ashmawy GM, El-Ashmawy NE, Hamada OB, Khedr NF
Med Oncol 2026 Mar 20;43(4) doi: 10.1007/s12032-026-03257-y. PMID: 41860710Free PMC Article
Cytogenetic Biomonitoring in Buccal Mucosal Cells from Children Exposed to Potentially Toxic Elements in Drinking Water: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Cury PR, Fonseca G, Nunes de Carvalho G, Nunes Dos Santos J, Ribeiro DA
J Pediatr 2026 May;292:115007. Epub 2026 Jan 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.115007. PMID: 41570976
Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of dietary patterns and lifestyle factors: A cross-sectional comparison of Brazilian and Spanish gym users.
Schlickmann DDS, Uebel GC, Molz P, de Souza NMP, Colombelli RAW, da Luz AA, Eisenhardt MM, Vogt GA, Brand C, de Castro EA, Benito PJ, Rieger A, Franke SIR
Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen 2026 Jan;909:503904. Epub 2025 Dec 3 doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2025.503904. PMID: 41519508
Histologic Response to Induction Chemotherapy in High-Risk Neuroblastoma.
Pomaville M, Kao PC, Perez-Atayde A, London WB, George RE
Cancer Med 2025 Nov;14(22):e71332. doi: 10.1002/cam4.71332. PMID: 41294259Free PMC Article
Comparative evaluation of flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) radiotherapy beams: melatonin's radioprotective role on thyroid and laryngeal tissues in rat model.
Mahioğlu Şİ, Aras S, Erdem E, Hacımustafaoğlu F, Ünal D
J Radiat Res 2025 Nov 25;66(6):617-626. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rraf067. PMID: 41214209Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Experimental and Computational Insights into the Apoptotic Potential of New Phenanthroline-Based Copper(II) Complexes: From Spectroscopic Characterization and In Vitro Cytotoxicity to In Silico Target Identification.
García-Díaz JM, Bacilio-Beltrán HA, Garibaldi-Ríos AF, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Rangel-Salas II, Delgado-Saucedo JI, Castro-García P, Martínez-Velázquez M, Puebla-Pérez AM
Biomedicines 2026 Jul 20;14(7) doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14071625. PMID: 42512097Free PMC Article
Immunohistochemistry in placental pathology.
Stanek J
Pol J Pathol 2026 Jun 25;77(2):141-155. doi: 10.5114/pjp.2026.162570. PMID: 42429423
Improved Outcomes for Older Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Neuroblastoma in the Post-Immunotherapy Era: An Updated Report From the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group.
Deyell RJ, Srivatsa K, Angelini P, Kao PC, Payne B, Naranjo A, Castelli S, Kato M, Ohira M, Pöetschger U, Mossé Y, Moreno L, Irwin MS, Ramanujachar R, London WB
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2026 Apr;73(4):e70124. Epub 2026 Jan 16 doi: 10.1002/1545-5017.70124. PMID: 41546455
Histologic Response to Induction Chemotherapy in High-Risk Neuroblastoma.
Pomaville M, Kao PC, Perez-Atayde A, London WB, George RE
Cancer Med 2025 Nov;14(22):e71332. doi: 10.1002/cam4.71332. PMID: 41294259Free PMC Article
Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Pathology Professionals Through the Buccal Micronuclei Assay.
Baptista F, Garcia PV, Rodrigues AS, Ladeira C
Toxics 2025 May 19;13(5) doi: 10.3390/toxics13050411. PMID: 40423490Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Supraphysiological 25-Hydroxyvitamin D(3) and Calcipotriol Induce Reactive Oxygen Species, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells.
Chan HCC, Bhoora S, Zhou E, Marais S, Pillay TS, Punchoo R
FASEB Bioadv 2026 Sep;8(9):e70144. Epub 2026 Aug 26 doi: 10.1096/fba.2026-00063. PMID: 42657393Free PMC Article
Experimental and Computational Insights into the Apoptotic Potential of New Phenanthroline-Based Copper(II) Complexes: From Spectroscopic Characterization and In Vitro Cytotoxicity to In Silico Target Identification.
García-Díaz JM, Bacilio-Beltrán HA, Garibaldi-Ríos AF, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Rangel-Salas II, Delgado-Saucedo JI, Castro-García P, Martínez-Velázquez M, Puebla-Pérez AM
Biomedicines 2026 Jul 20;14(7) doi: 10.3390/biomedicines14071625. PMID: 42512097Free PMC Article
Immunohistochemistry in placental pathology.
Stanek J
Pol J Pathol 2026 Jun 25;77(2):141-155. doi: 10.5114/pjp.2026.162570. PMID: 42429423
Fetal vascular malperfusion and other placental lesions in relation to maternal SARS-CoV-2 exposure: a case-control study.
Mwandoto I, Temmerman M, Gichere I, Okiro P
Front Med (Lausanne) 2026;13:1774613. Epub 2026 May 7 doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1774613. PMID: 42180721Free PMC Article
Interobserver agreement analysis among renal pathologists in classification of lupus nephritis using a digital pathology image dataset: after a third evaluation.
Pyo JY, Jeon N, Shin SJ, Jung M, Lim BJ, Eom M, Choi SE
Kidney Res Clin Pract 2026 Jul;45(4):504-515. Epub 2024 Dec 11 doi: 10.23876/j.krcp.24.185. PMID: 39676523Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Risk Assessment of Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Exposure: A Systematic Review.
Arisandy M, Wulansari DP, Yunus B
Acta Med Philipp 2026;60(6):92-98. Epub 2026 Mar 31 doi: 10.47895/amp.vi0.11503. PMID: 42040878Free PMC Article
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking on buccal mucosa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Abdul NS, Alrukban NK, Alajmi AM, Bindawoad FA, Almughaiseeb AA, AlGhannam SM
J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022 Oct-Dec;26(4):534-540. Epub 2022 Dec 22 doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_292_22. PMID: 37082081Free PMC Article
Cadmium exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nagaraju R, Kalahasthi R, Balachandar R, Bagepally BS
Crit Rev Toxicol 2022 Nov;52(10):786-798. Epub 2023 Feb 21 doi: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2173557. PMID: 36802997
The smokeless tobacco habit and DNA damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
de Geus JL, Wambier LM, Loguercio AD, Reis A
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019 Mar 1;24(2):e145-e155. doi: 10.4317/medoral.22846. PMID: 30818306Free PMC Article

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