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Scarlet fever

MedGen UID:
11327
•Concept ID:
C0036285
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Fever, Scarlet; Fevers, Scarlet; Scarlet Fever; Scarlet Fevers
SNOMED CT: Scarlet fever (30242009); Scarlatina (30242009)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005952

Definition

A streptococcal infection, mainly occurring among children, that is characterized by a red skin rash, sore throat, and fever. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVScarlet fever

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Tonsillitis and Tonsilloliths: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith KL, Hughes R, Myrex P
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan;107(1):35-41. PMID: 36689967
Homeopathic Prevention and Management of Epidemic Diseases.
Jacobs J
Homeopathy 2018 Aug;107(3):157-160. Epub 2018 May 12 doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1649487. PMID: 29753299
To treat or not to treat? Management of guttate psoriasis and pityriasis rosea in patients with evidence of group A Streptococcal infection.
Krishnamurthy K, Walker A, Gropper CA, Hoffman C
J Drugs Dermatol 2010 Mar;9(3):241-50. PMID: 20232586

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control of Group A Streptococcus infection.
Brouwer S, Rivera-Hernandez T, Curren BF, Harbison-Price N, De Oliveira DMP, Jespersen MG, Davies MR, Walker MJ
Nat Rev Microbiol 2023 Jul;21(7):431-447. Epub 2023 Mar 9 doi: 10.1038/s41579-023-00865-7. PMID: 36894668Free PMC Article
Tonsillitis and Tonsilloliths: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith KL, Hughes R, Myrex P
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan;107(1):35-41. PMID: 36689967
Streptococcal superantigens and the return of scarlet fever.
Hurst JR, Brouwer S, Walker MJ, McCormick JK
PLoS Pathog 2021 Dec;17(12):e1010097. Epub 2021 Dec 30 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010097. PMID: 34969060Free PMC Article
Genome-wide association and HLA region fine-mapping studies identify susceptibility loci for multiple common infections.
Tian C, Hromatka BS, Kiefer AK, Eriksson N, Noble SM, Tung JY, Hinds DA
Nat Commun 2017 Sep 19;8(1):599. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00257-5. PMID: 28928442Free PMC Article
Managing scarlet fever.
Drug Ther Bull 2017 Sep;55(9):102. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2017.8.0529. PMID: 28882851

Diagnosis

Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control of Group A Streptococcus infection.
Brouwer S, Rivera-Hernandez T, Curren BF, Harbison-Price N, De Oliveira DMP, Jespersen MG, Davies MR, Walker MJ
Nat Rev Microbiol 2023 Jul;21(7):431-447. Epub 2023 Mar 9 doi: 10.1038/s41579-023-00865-7. PMID: 36894668Free PMC Article
Tonsillitis and Tonsilloliths: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith KL, Hughes R, Myrex P
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan;107(1):35-41. PMID: 36689967
The rash with maculopapules and fever in children.
Muzumdar S, Rothe MJ, Grant-Kels JM
Clin Dermatol 2019 Mar-Apr;37(2):119-128. Epub 2018 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.12.005. PMID: 30981292
Managing scarlet fever.
Drug Ther Bull 2017 Sep;55(9):102. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2017.8.0529. PMID: 28882851
Common Skin Rashes in Children.
Allmon A, Deane K, Martin KL
Am Fam Physician 2015 Aug 1;92(3):211-6. PMID: 26280141

Therapy

Pathogenesis, epidemiology and control of Group A Streptococcus infection.
Brouwer S, Rivera-Hernandez T, Curren BF, Harbison-Price N, De Oliveira DMP, Jespersen MG, Davies MR, Walker MJ
Nat Rev Microbiol 2023 Jul;21(7):431-447. Epub 2023 Mar 9 doi: 10.1038/s41579-023-00865-7. PMID: 36894668Free PMC Article
Tonsillitis and Tonsilloliths: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith KL, Hughes R, Myrex P
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan;107(1):35-41. PMID: 36689967
Managing scarlet fever.
Drug Ther Bull 2017 Sep;55(9):102. doi: 10.1136/dtb.2017.8.0529. PMID: 28882851
Common Skin Rashes in Children.
Allmon A, Deane K, Martin KL
Am Fam Physician 2015 Aug 1;92(3):211-6. PMID: 26280141
Invasive streptococci.
Spencer RC
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995;14 Suppl 1:S26-32. PMID: 7729468

Prognosis

Infectious diseases in children and adolescents in China: analysis of national surveillance data from 2008 to 2017.
Dong Y, Wang L, Burgner DP, Miller JE, Song Y, Ren X, Li Z, Xing Y, Ma J, Sawyer SM, Patton GC
BMJ 2020 Apr 2;369:m1043. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1043. PMID: 32241761Free PMC Article
Epidemiological study of scarlet fever in Shenyang, China.
Chen H, Chen Y, Sun B, Wen L, An X
BMC Infect Dis 2019 Dec 21;19(1):1074. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4705-9. PMID: 31864293Free PMC Article
The rash with maculopapules and fever in children.
Muzumdar S, Rothe MJ, Grant-Kels JM
Clin Dermatol 2019 Mar-Apr;37(2):119-128. Epub 2018 Dec 5 doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.12.005. PMID: 30981292
Common Skin Rashes in Children.
Allmon A, Deane K, Martin KL
Am Fam Physician 2015 Aug 1;92(3):211-6. PMID: 26280141
Annual summary of vital statistics: trends in the health of Americans during the 20th century.
Guyer B, Freedman MA, Strobino DM, Sondik EJ
Pediatrics 2000 Dec;106(6):1307-17. doi: 10.1542/peds.106.6.1307. PMID: 11099582

Clinical prediction guides

Spatiotemporal and Seasonal Trends of Class A and B Notifiable Infectious Diseases in China: Retrospective Analysis.
Zheng J, Zhang N, Shen G, Liang F, Zhao Y, He X, Wang Y, He R, Chen W, Xue H, Shen Y, Fu Y, Zhang WH, Zhang L, Bhatt S, Mao Y, Zhu B
JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023 Apr 27;9:e42820. doi: 10.2196/42820. PMID: 37103994Free PMC Article
Tonsillitis and Tonsilloliths: Diagnosis and Management.
Smith KL, Hughes R, Myrex P
Am Fam Physician 2023 Jan;107(1):35-41. PMID: 36689967
Notifiable Respiratory Infectious Diseases in China: A Spatial-Temporal Epidemiology Analysis.
Mao Y, He R, Zhu B, Liu J, Zhang N
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Mar 29;17(7) doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072301. PMID: 32235375Free PMC Article
Vaccines as a trigger for myopathies.
Orbach H, Tanay A
Lupus 2009 Nov;18(13):1213-6. doi: 10.1177/0961203309345734. PMID: 19880571
Streptococcal toxins.
Wannamaker LW
Rev Infect Dis 1983 Sep-Oct;5 Suppl 4:S723-32. doi: 10.1093/clinids/5.supplement_4.s723. PMID: 6356291

Recent systematic reviews

Time to negative throat culture following initiation of antibiotics for pharyngeal group A Streptococcus: a systematic review and meta-analysis up to October 2021 to inform public health control measures.
McGuire E, Li A, Collin SM, Decraene V, Cook M, Padfield S, Sriskandan S, Van Beneden C, Lamagni T, Brown CS
Euro Surveill 2023 Apr;28(15) doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.15.2200573. PMID: 37052678Free PMC Article

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