Revascularization in Patients With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Sep 10;74(10):1290-1300. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.06.065.

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an increasingly recognized cause of myocardial infarction (MI) in younger women, often treated conservatively due to revascularization risks. Revascularization outcomes are largely unknown in SCAD presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare revascularization strategies and outcomes of STEMI-SCAD with STEMI atherosclerosis (STEMI-ATH).

Methods: Consecutive STEMI patients were retrospectively analyzed (2003 to 2017) at 2 regional STEMI programs (Minneapolis Heart Institute and Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute) with 3-year outcomes.

Results: Among 5,208 STEMI patients, SCAD was present in 53 (1%; 93% female). SCAD prevalence was 19% in female STEMI patients age ≤50 years. Compared with STEMI-ATH, STEMI-SCAD patients were younger (age 49 ± 10 years vs. 63 ± 13 years), were more often female (93% vs. 27%), and had more frequent cardiogenic shock (19% vs. 9%); all p ≤ 0.03. In STEMI-SCAD, the culprit artery was more commonly left main (13% vs. 1%) or left anterior descending (47% vs. 38%); both p = 0.003. Acute revascularization was lower in STEMI-SCAD (70% vs. 97%); p < 0.001. In STEMI-SCAD, acute revascularization included percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), n = 33 (62%), or bypass grafting, n = 4 (8%); PCI success was 91%. Those with revascularization were more likely to have shock, left main culprit, proximal dissection, and initial TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) flow grade 0 to 1. The 3-year survival was 98% for STEMI-SCAD versus 84% for STEMI-ATH; p < 0.001.

Conclusions: STEMI-SCAD represents an important STEMI subset, particularly among younger women, characterized by significantly greater frequency of left main or left anterior descending culprit and cardiogenic shock than STEMI-ATH. Primary PCI is successful in most STEMI-SCAD patients, with low 3-year mortality.

Keywords: SCAD; STEMI; cardiogenic shock; left main dissection; women.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Coronary Vessel Anomalies* / complications
  • Coronary Vessel Anomalies* / diagnosis
  • Coronary Vessel Anomalies* / therapy
  • Coronary Vessels* / diagnostic imaging
  • Coronary Vessels* / pathology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mortality
  • Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / adverse effects
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / methods
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / statistics & numerical data
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction* / etiology
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction* / mortality
  • ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction* / surgery
  • Sex Factors
  • Shock, Cardiogenic* / epidemiology
  • Shock, Cardiogenic* / etiology
  • United States / epidemiology
  • Vascular Diseases / complications
  • Vascular Diseases / congenital*
  • Vascular Diseases / diagnosis
  • Vascular Diseases / therapy

Supplementary concepts

  • Coronary Artery Dissection, Spontaneous