Summary
[Wormbase] emb-30 encodes an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) component orthologous to mammalian APC-4 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lid1; EMB-30 is required for the metaphase-to-anaphase transition during meiosis and mitosis, for establishing anterior-posterior polarity in the early embryo, and for proper localization of germline granules and the maternally provided PAR-2 and PAR-3 proteins.
Wormbase predicts one model, but Caenorhabditis elegans cDNA sequences in GenBank, dbEST, Trace and SRA, filtered against clone rearrangements, coaligned on the genome and clustered in a minimal non-redundant way by the manually supervised AceView program, support at least 4 spliced variants.
AceView synopsis, each blue text links to tables and details Expression: According to AceView, this gene is expressed at high level, 3.6 times the average gene in this release, at all stages of development [Kohara cDNAs]. The expression profile for the gene, derived from the proportion of animals at each stage in each Kohara library is: embryos 15%, L1 or L2 larvae 10%, L3 to adult 74%. See the in situ hybridization pattern in Kohara NextDB. The sequence of this gene is defined by 23 cDNA clones and 24 elements defined by RNA-seq, some from mixed (seen 12 times), embryo (5), l1 (2). We annotate structural defects or features in 4 cDNA clones. Alternative mRNA variants and regulation: The gene contains 16 distinct gt-ag introns. Transcription produces at least 5 different mRNAs, 4 alternatively spliced variants and 1 unspliced form. Variant a is transpliced to SL2, SL3, SL4, e to SL1, SL2. There are 2 non overlapping alternative last exons and 11 validated alternative polyadenylation sites (see the diagram). The mRNAs appear to differ by truncation of the 3' end, overlapping exons with different boundaries, splicing versus retention of 2 introns. 417 bp of this gene are antisense to spliced gene cpar-1, raising the possibility of regulated alternate expression.
Note that mRNA .c was found in vivo, although it is a predicted target of nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Function: There are 11 articles specifically referring to this gene in PubMed. In addition we point below to 23 abstracts. This essential gene is associated to a phenotype (abnormal EMBryogenesis, catastrophic one cell arrest, Embryonic Lethal, Metaphase-to-Anaphase Transition defect, NO Pseudocleavage, osmotic or pressure sensitive, Polarity and Osmotic sensitivity Defect, Progress through meiotic divisions, Required for metaphase to anaphase transitions during mitosis and meiosis, polar bodies (female meiosis products) abnormal). Functionally, the gene has been proposed to participate in a process (pseudocleavage (sensu Nematoda)). These proteins appear to interact with another protein (PAL-1). The gene interacts with 2 other genes (MDF-1, SMG-1). Protein coding potential: 4 spliced mRNAs putatively encode good proteins, altogether 4 different isoforms (1 complete, 3 COOH complete). The remaining mRNA variant (unspliced) appears not to encode a good protein.
Please quote: AceView: a comprehensive cDNA-supported gene and transcripts annotation, Genome Biology 2006, 7(Suppl 1):S12. Map on chromosome III, links to other databases and other names Map: This essential gene emb-30 maps on chomosome III at position +0.37 (interpolated). In AceView, it covers 6.69 kb, from 9441359 to 9434671 (WS190), on the reverse strand. Links to:WormBase, NextDB, RNAiDB.
as Other names: The gene is also known apc-4, in Wormgenes/AceView by its positional name 3K526, in Wormbase by its cosmid.number name F54C8.3, in NextDB, the Nematode expression pattern database, as CEYK3482. Closest AceView homologs in other species ? The closest human genes, according to BlastP, are the AceView genes WDR61, EML5, ANAPC4. The closest mouse genes, according to BlastP, are the AceView genes Anapc4 (e=0.001), Wdr61 (e=0.002), Eml5 (e=0.010). The closest A.thaliana gene, according to BlastP, is the AceView gene AT4G21530andAT4G21540
Please choose between the zoomable GIF version., and the HTML5/SVG version.
This diagram shows in true scale the gene on the genome, the mRNAs and the cDNA clones.
Alternative mRNAs are shown aligned from 5' to 3' on a virtual genome where introns have been shrunk to a minimal length. Exon size is proportional to length, intron height reflects the number of cDNAs supporting each intron, the small numbers show the support of the introns in deep sequencing (with details in mouse-over) . Introns of the same color are identical, of different colors are different. 'Good proteins' are pink, partial or not-good proteins are yellow, uORFs are green. 5' cap or3' poly A flags show completeness of the transcript. Read more...
Mouse over the ending of each transcript gives tissues from which the supporting cDNAs were extracted. Details on tissue of origin for each intron and exon is available from the intron and exons table.
Click on any transcript to open the specific mRNA page, to see the exact cDNA clone support and eventual SNPs and to get details on tissues, sequences, mRNA and protein annotations. Proteins supported by a single continuous cDNA sequence lead to underlining the name/ending of the variant. Names not underlined result from cDNA concatenation in the coding region and should be experimentally checked.
Introns are depicted by broken lines; the height of the top of each intron reflects the relative number of clones supporting this intron. ]^[ A pink broken line denotes an intron with standard boundaries (gt-ag or gc-ag) that is exactly supported (i.e. a cDNA sequence exactly matches the genome over 16 bp, 8 on both sides of the intron). ] ^ ] A blue broken line denotes non-standard introns, exactly supported, but with non-standard at-ac or any other boundaries. ]-[ Pink and ] - ] blue straight lines represent 'fuzzy' introns of the standard and non-standard types respectively, those introns do not follow the 16 bp rule. Black straight lines ]-[denote gaps in the alignments.
Exons: Wide filled pink areas represent putative protein coding regions, narrow empty pink boxes represent the 5'UTR (on the left) and 3' UTR (on the right). Flags identify validated endings: cap site on the 5' side, polyadenylation site on the 3' side. Filled flags correspond to frequent events while empty flags have lesser supporting cDNAs (yet all are validated); at the 3' side, black flags are associated to the main AATAAA signal, blue flags to any single letter variant of the main . More explanations are given in the gene help file
The mRNAs diagrams with the aligned cDNA sequence accessions and their mismatches are available in the mRNA pages accessible from the tab at the top of the page, or here:
In Flash: .a, .b, .c, .d, .e.
or in GIF: .a, .b, .c, .d, .e
Please see these 11 articles in PubMed.
In addition we found 23 papers for which we do not have a PubMed identifier
pm19123269
GB:AF192400_2 Submitted (06-OCT-1999) Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, U-2224 MCN, 1161 21st. Ave. So., Nashville, TN 37232-2175, USA
[cgc689] Cell-lineage and developmental defects of temperature-sensitive embryonic arrest mutants of the nematode C. elegans.
[wbg13.4p57] On Rescuing the Maternal Effect emb-30 Mutant.
[wm95p147] TS EMB-MUTANT PHENOTYPES: PATERNAL & OTHERS WITH EARLY DEFECTS (G-SET)
[wm95p504] EMB-30 OPERON ENCODES A NOVEL GAMMA TUBULIN WHOSE ANTI- SENSE RNA EXPRESSION MIMICS THE SINGLE CELL ARREST PHE- NOTYPE OF EMB-30 (G53) MUTANT.
[wm95p451] CENTROSOME RELATED MUTANTS DISRUPT MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF SPERMATOGENESIS IN C. ELEGANS
[wm95p450] CENTROSOME RELATED MUTANTS DISRUPT MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF OOGENESIS IN C. ELEGANS
[wm95p449] ARE NUCLEAR PARTIONING DEFECTS ACCOMPANIED BY GENERAL DEFECTS IN ORGANELLE PARTITIONING IN EMB-27 AND EMB-30?
[ecwm96p90] ANUCLEAR SPERMATOZOA CAN FERTILIZE AND ACTIVATE EGGS BUT CAUSE PATERNAL EFFECT LETHALITY IN C. ELEGANS.
[wbg15.1p64] Isolation of Non-Conditional emb-30 Alleles
[wm97e593] GENETIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PIE-1 EXPRESSION AND RNA POLYMERASE II INHIBITION IN THE EMBRYONIC GERM LINEAGE OF C. ELEGANS
[wm97e519] ANUCLEAR SPERMATOZOA CAN ACTIVATE OOCYTES BUT CAUSE PATERNAL EFFECT LETHALITY IN C. ELEGANS.
[wm97e172] emb-30 FUNCTIONS IN MEIOSIS AND GERM LINE MITOSIS
[mwwm98p13] emb-30 IS REQUIRED FOR MEIOSIS AND GERMLINE PROLIFERATION
[wbg15.4p44] MAT Mutant: Metaphase-Anaphase Transition Defective
[wm99ab323] emb-3 Encodes a Novel Protein Required for Germline Proliferation and Completion of the Meiotic Divisions
[mwwm2000p42] Stopping the metaphase to anaphase transition
[mwwm2000p41] evl-22 May Function with emb-30 to Promote Anaphase Onset in C. elegans
[ecwm2000p183] CDC27, an Anaphase Promoting Complex subunit, is required for the metaphase to anaphase transition during meiosis
[wcwm2000p213] Got the blues? Try another genetic screen!
[wm2001p742] Genetic Analysis of Cell Cycle Control in the Germ Line
[wm2001p36] The Anaphase-Promoting Complex is required to polarize the one-cell C. elegans embryo.
To mine knowledge about the gene, please click the 'Gene Summary' or the 'Function, regulation, related genes ' tab at the top of the page. The 'Gene Summary' page includes all we learnt about the gene, functional annotations of neighboring genes, maps, links to other sites and the bibliography. The 'Function, regulation, related genes ' page includes Diseases (D), Pathways, GO annotations, conserved domains (C), interactions (I) reference into function, and pointers to all genes with the same functional annotation.
To compare alternative variants, their summarized annotations, predicted proteins, introns and exons, or to access any sequence, click the 'Alternative mRNAs features' tab. To see a specific mRNA variant diagram, sequence and annotation, click the variant name in the 'mRNA' tab. To examine expression data from all cDNAs clustered in this gene by AceView, click the 'Expression tissue'.
If you know more about this gene, or found errors, please share your knowledge. Thank you !
