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Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 1 with or without anosmia

Synonyms
DYSPLASIA OLFACTOGENITALIS OF DE MORSIER; HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM 1 WITH ANOSMIA; HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM AND ANOSMIA; Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 1 with or without anosmia (Kallmann syndrome 1); Kallmann syndrome 1; Kallmann syndrome, X-linked; Kallmann syndrome, type 1, X-linked

Summary

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Deficiency
Isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency (IGD) is characterized by inappropriately low serum concentrations of the gonadotropins LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the presence of low circulating concentrations of sex steroids. IGD is associated with a normal sense of smell (normosmic IGD) in approximately 40% of affected individuals and an impaired sense of smell (Kallmann syndrome) in approximately 60%. IGD can first become apparent in infancy, adolescence, or adulthood. Infant boys with congenital IGD often have micropenis and cryptorchidism. Adolescents and adults with IGD have clinical evidence of hypogonadism and incomplete sexual maturation on physical examination. Adult males with IGD tend to have prepubertal testicular volume (i.e., <4 mL), absence of secondary sexual features (e.g., facial and axillary hair growth, deepening of the voice), decreased muscle mass, diminished libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility. Adult females have little or no breast development and primary amenorrhea. Although skeletal maturation is delayed, the rate of linear growth is usually normal except for the absence of a distinct pubertal growth spurt.
Full text of GeneReview (by section):
Summary
GeneReview Scope
Diagnosis
Clinical Characteristics
Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Genetic Counseling
Resources
Molecular Genetics
Chapter Notes
References
Authors:
Ravikumar Balasubramanian
William F Crowley
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  • Also known as: ADMLX, HH1, HHA, KAL, KAL1, KALIG-1, KMS, WFDC19, ANOS1
    Summary: anosmin 1

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Imported from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)

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