Star steroidogenic acute regulatory protein [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

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Official Symbol: Starprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: steroidogenic acute regulatory proteinprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:3770
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000015052 AllianceGenome:RGD:3770
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Predicted to enable cholesterol binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to organonitrogen compound; response to glucocorticoid; and steroid biosynthetic process. Located in several cellular components, including cytosol; mitochondrial envelope; and neuronal cell body. Biomarker of hypogonadism; hypothyroidism; nephrosis; polycystic ovary syndrome; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Orthologous to human STAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Restricted expression toward (RPKM 20754.8) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	16	NC_086034.1 (72969824..72974447, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	16	NC_051351.1 (66267094..66274368, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	16	NC_005115.4 (71036204..71040847, complement)

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Interplay between polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothyroidism on serum testosterone, oxidative stress and StAR gene expression in female rats.
Title: Interplay between polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothyroidism on serum testosterone, oxidative stress and StAR gene expression in female rats.
A Novel Mitochondrial Complex of Aldosterone Synthase, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, and Tom22 Synthesizes Aldosterone in the Rat Heart.
Title: A Novel Mitochondrial Complex of Aldosterone Synthase, Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein, and Tom22 Synthesizes Aldosterone in the Rat Heart.
Role of Constitutive STAR in Leydig Cells.
Title: Role of Constitutive STAR in Leydig Cells.
these steroidogenic enzymes within the Leydig cells, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), were down-regulated.
Title: HC diet inhibited testosterone synthesis by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress in testicular Leydig cells.
NRF1 regulates testosterone synthesis through transcription regulation of Star.
Title: Transcription regulation of NRF1 on StAR reduces testosterone synthesis in hypoxemic murine.
GATA6 and StAR steroidogeneic genes are hypomethylated at specific CpG sites in prenatally androgenized rats
Title: Hypomethylation of specific CpG sites in the promoter region of steroidogeneic genes (GATA6 and StAR) in prenatally androgenized rats.
Data suggest that aflatoxin B1 binds to hydrophobic binding pocket of inkdsB (3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase from Acinetobacter baumannii) used in these in silico studies as a molecular model for StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory) protein in rats.
Title: Aflatoxin B1-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Rats: Possible Mechanism of Action.
Elevated expression of steroidogenesis pathway genes; CYP17, GATA6 and StAR in prenatally androgenized rats.
Title: Elevated expression of steroidogenesis pathway genes; CYP17, GATA6 and StAR in prenatally androgenized rats.
In vivod-Asp administration induced serum LH release, causing indirect increase of androstenedione and testosterone levels by enhancing StAR, cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isomerases mRNA levels
Title: Stimulation of androgen production by D-aspartate through the enhancement of StAR, P450scc and 3β-HSD mRNA levels in vivo rat testis and in culture of immature rat Leydig cells.
Estradiol action at the membrane leads to the augmentation of neuroprogesterone synthesis through increasing cAMP, activation of protein kinase A, and the phosphorylation of translocator protein TSPO and StAR in hypothalamic astrocytes.
Title: Estradiol modulates translocator protein (TSPO) and steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR) via protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in hypothalamic astrocytes.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (54)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH142227 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:231477

RH140293 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:222371

RH128847 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:212155

MARC_35058-35059:1074713892:4 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:471518

RH143429 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:232676

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cholesterol binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables cholesterol binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables cholesterol transfer activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in bile acid biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in biphenyl metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular lipid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to alkaloid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to antibiotic	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to cAMP	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to cadmium ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to epinephrine stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to glucose stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to gonadotropin stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to growth hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to insulin stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to interferon-alpha	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to metal ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to type II interferon	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cholesterol metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in circadian rhythm	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in dibenzo-p-dioxin metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in diterpenoid metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in estrogen biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within glucocorticoid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in insecticide metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in intermembrane lipid transfer	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in intracellular cholesterol transport	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in intracellular cholesterol transport	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in male gonad development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in organic acid metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in phenol-containing compound metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in phthalate metabolic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of neurogenesis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to activity	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to benzoic acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to corticosterone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to estrogen	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ethanol	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to fungicide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to gonadotropin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to herbicide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to hydrogen peroxide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insecticide	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to ionizing radiation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to lead ion	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to leptin	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nicotine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to nutrient levels	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic cyclic compound	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to organic substance	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to peptide hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to retinoic acid	HEP more info	PubMed
involved_in response to retinoic acid	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to steroid hormone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to toxic substance	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in steroid biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in steroid biosynthetic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in testosterone biosynthetic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in mitochondrial crista	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial

Names: START domain-containing protein 1; stARD1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_031558.3 → NP_113746.1 steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_113746.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

AB006007

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P97628, P97826

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6IW02, Q5XUN6

Related

ENSRNOP00000020606.2, ENSRNOT00000020606.5

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd08905
Location:69 → 277

START_STARD1-like; Cholesterol-binding START domain of mammalian STARD1 and related proteins