Genome

Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) Sumatran orangutan; useful in studies of hominoid chromosome evolution Lineage: Eukaryota[9482]; Metazoa[4497]; Chordata[2168]; Craniata[2145]; Vertebrata[2145]; Euteleostomi[2127]; Mammalia[653]; Eutheria[479]; Euarchontoglires[186]; Primates[66]; Haplorrhini[47]; Catarrhini[33]; Hominidae[6]; Pongo[2]; Pongo abelii[1]

The two former subspecies of orangutan, Bornean Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus and Sumatran P. pygmaeus abelii, have recently been promoted to distinct Sumatran (P. abelii) and Bornean (P. pygmaeus) orangutan species. Orangutans are critically endangered primates whose populations have decreased nearly ninety percent in the past More...few decades. The Sumatran orangutan genome is valued in evolutionary studies of humans and great apes as orangutans are the closest living relatives to these hominoids and have a karyotype that is thought to be most similar to the ancestral hominoid karyotype. Sumatran and Bornean orangutan genomes can be cytogenetically distinguished by several pericentric inversions. The Pongo abelii haploid genome is estimated to be 3090 Mb. The diploid genome is organized in 23 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Human chromosome 2 is a fusion of orangutan chromosomes 2A and 2B. Less...

Summary Sequence data:  genome assemblies: 4; sequence reads: 1  (See  Genome Assembly and Annotation report) Statistics:  median total length (Mb): 3253.14  median protein count: 49721  median GC%: 41.1801 NCBI Annotation Release:  103 Publications (limited to 20 most recent records) Dynamic evolution of great ape Y chromosomes. Cechova M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020 Oct 20 A mitogenomic phylogeny of living primates. Finstermeier K, et al. PLoS One 2013 Comparative and demographic analysis of orang-utan genomes. Locke DP, et al. Nature 2011 Jan 27 Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome. Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium. Nature 2005 Sep 1 Conservation of Y-linked genes during human evolution revealed by comparative sequencing in chimpanzee. Hughes JF, et al. Nature 2005 Sep 1 A complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the western lowland gorilla. Xu X, et al. Mol Biol Evol 1996 May The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Sumatran orangutan and a molecular proposal for two (Bornean and Sumatran) species of orangutan. Xu X, et al. J Mol Evol 1996 Nov Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. Horai S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995 Jan 17 Man's place in Hominoidea revealed by mitochondrial DNA genealogy. Horai S, et al. J Mol Evol 1992 Jul Comparisons of ape and human sequences that regulate mitochondrial DNA transcription and D-loop DNA synthesis. Foran DR, et al. Nucleic Acids Res 1988 Jul 11 A comparison of the small ribosomal RNA genes from the mitochondrial DNA of the great apes and humans: sequence, structure, evolution, and phylogenetic implications. Hixson JE, et al. Mol Biol Evol 1986 Jan More...  Representative (genome information for reference and representative genomes) Reference genome:   Pongo abelii Susie_PABv2 Submitter: Orangutan Genome Sequencing Consortium Loc Type Name RefSeq INSDC Size (Mb) GC% Protein rRNA tRNA Other RNA Gene Pseudogene Chr 1 NC_036903.1 CM009262.2 227.91 41.6 5,054 1 69 823 3,426 685 Chr 2A NC_036904.1 CM009263.2 109.51 41.0 1,628 1 5 354 1,162 227 Chr 2B NC_036905.1 CM009264.2 129.94 39.5 1,800 - 4 320 1,128 261 Chr 3 NC_036906.1 CM009265.2 193.66 39.5 2,792 1 4 476 1,823 407 Chr 4 NC_036907.1 CM009266.2 189.39 38.2 1,921 - 1 426 1,431 343 Chr 5 NC_036908.1 CM009267.2 179.19 39.4 2,048 - 21 412 1,565 365 Chr 6 NC_036909.1 CM009268.2 169.5 39.6 2,567 1 133 490 1,995 445 Chr 7 NC_036910.1 CM009269.2 145.41 40.2 2,054 - 19 367 1,524 337 Chr 8 NC_036911.1 CM009270.2 144.04 40.0 1,821 - 6 302 1,198 291 Chr 9 NC_036912.1 CM009271.2 112.21 41.4 1,965 - 3 280 1,280 273 Chr 10 NC_036913.1 CM009272.2 132.18 41.5 2,204 - 3 364 1,306 285 Chr 11 NC_036914.1 CM009273.2 128.12 41.6 2,987 - 14 364 1,876 327 Chr 12 NC_036915.1 CM009274.2 132.18 40.8 2,690 - 9 418 1,710 352 Chr 13 NC_036916.1 CM009275.2 98.48 38.6 885 - 4 243 678 154 Chr 14 NC_036917.1 CM009276.2 88.96 40.8 1,623 - 22 307 1,177 244 Chr 15 NC_036918.1 CM009277.2 82.55 42.3 1,455 - 8 385 1,166 258 Chr 16 NC_036919.1 CM009278.2 68.24 44.7 1,831 - 29 241 1,127 165 Chr 17 NC_036920.1 CM009279.2 75.91 45.6 2,596 - 33 338 1,642 224 Chr 18 NC_036921.1 CM009280.2 75.92 39.8 724 - 1 189 562 140 Chr 19 NC_036922.1 CM009281.2 57.58 48.1 3,275 - 9 225 1,844 253 Chr 20 NC_036923.1 CM009282.2 60.84 44.0 1,302 - - 212 824 126 Chr 21 NC_036924.1 CM009283.2 34.68 40.9 536 - 1 125 405 84 Chr 22 NC_036925.1 CM009284.2 35.31 47.8 1,047 - - 144 716 134 Chr X NC_036926.1 CM009285.2 151.24 39.3 1,922 - 4 320 1,484 450 MT NC_002083.1 - 0.02 45.9 13 2 22 - 37 - Un - . - 242.09 41.6 981 8 14 337 1,284 494 Chromosomes Click on chromosome name to open Genome Data Viewer External Resources Baylor College of Medicine CHORI BAC Library Great Ape Genome Project NISC Comparative Vertebrate Sequencing Orangutan Cytogenetics Primate Info Net Washington University Genome Sequencing Center