Genome

Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutan) Sumatran orangutan; useful in studies of hominoid chromosome evolution Lineage: Eukaryota[11633]; Metazoa[5514]; Chordata[2675]; Craniata[2650]; Vertebrata[2650]; Euteleostomi[2628]; Mammalia[720]; Eutheria[546]; Euarchontoglires[223]; Primates[90]; Haplorrhini[66]; Catarrhini[50]; Hominidae[6]; Pongo[2]; Pongo abelii[1]

The two former subspecies of orangutan, Bornean Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus and Sumatran P. pygmaeus abelii, have recently been promoted to distinct Sumatran (P. abelii) and Bornean (P. pygmaeus) orangutan species. Orangutans are critically endangered primates whose populations have decreased nearly ninety percent in the past More...few decades. The Sumatran orangutan genome is valued in evolutionary studies of humans and great apes as orangutans are the closest living relatives to these hominoids and have a karyotype that is thought to be most similar to the ancestral hominoid karyotype. Sumatran and Bornean orangutan genomes can be cytogenetically distinguished by several pericentric inversions. The Pongo abelii haploid genome is estimated to be 3090 Mb. The diploid genome is organized in 23 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Human chromosome 2 is a fusion of orangutan chromosomes 2A and 2B. Less...

Summary Sequence data:  genome assemblies: 6; sequence reads: 1  (See  Genome Assembly and Annotation report) Statistics:  median total length (Mb): 3215.27  median protein count: 49708  median GC%: 41.0727 NCBI Annotation Release:  104 Publications (limited to 20 most recent records) Dynamic evolution of great ape Y chromosomes. Cechova M, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020 Oct 20 A mitogenomic phylogeny of living primates. Finstermeier K, et al. PLoS One 2013 Comparative and demographic analysis of orang-utan genomes. Locke DP, et al. Nature 2011 Jan 27 Chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes are remarkably divergent in structure and gene content. Hughes JF, et al. Nature 2010 Jan 28 Initial sequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the human genome. Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium. Nature 2005 Sep 1 Conservation of Y-linked genes during human evolution revealed by comparative sequencing in chimpanzee. Hughes JF, et al. Nature 2005 Sep 1 A complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the western lowland gorilla. Xu X, et al. Mol Biol Evol 1996 May The mitochondrial DNA molecule of Sumatran orangutan and a molecular proposal for two (Bornean and Sumatran) species of orangutan. Xu X, et al. J Mol Evol 1996 Nov Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. Horai S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995 Jan 17 Man's place in Hominoidea revealed by mitochondrial DNA genealogy. Horai S, et al. J Mol Evol 1992 Jul Comparisons of ape and human sequences that regulate mitochondrial DNA transcription and D-loop DNA synthesis. Foran DR, et al. Nucleic Acids Res 1988 Jul 11 A comparison of the small ribosomal RNA genes from the mitochondrial DNA of the great apes and humans: sequence, structure, evolution, and phylogenetic implications. Hixson JE, et al. Mol Biol Evol 1986 Jan More...  Representative (genome information for reference and representative genomes) Reference genome:   Pongo abelii NHGRI_mPonAbe1-v1.1-hic.freeze_pri Submitter: National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Loc Type Name RefSeq INSDC Size (Mb) GC% Chr 1 - CM054679.1 232.95 41.6 Chr 2A - CM054680.1 129.73 40.9 Chr 2B - CM054681.1 143.56 39.7 Chr 3 - CM054682.1 197.47 39.7 Chr 4 - CM054683.1 212.77 38.3 Chr 5 - CM054684.1 189.43 39.5 Chr 6 - CM054685.1 171.99 39.6 Chr 7 - CM054686.1 150.79 40.3 Chr 8 - CM054687.1 165.26 40.8 Chr 9 - CM054688.1 114.01 41.4 Chr 10 - CM054689.1 137.04 41.4 Chr 11 - CM054690.1 134.91 41.5 Chr 12 - CM054691.1 132.24 40.9 Chr 13 - CM054692.1 103.39 38.6 Chr 14 - CM054693.1 86.02 40.8 Chr 15 - CM054694.1 102.7 41.8 Chr 16 - CM054695.1 88.97 44.2 Chr 17 - CM054696.1 87.13 45.4 Chr 18 - CM054697.1 75.73 39.8 Chr 19 - CM054698.1 71.82 46.5 Chr 20 - CM054699.1 62.66 43.9 Chr 21 - CM054700.1 51.31 40.6 Chr 22 - CM054701.1 36.7 47.5 Chr X - CM054702.1 162.59 39.5 Chr Y - CM054703.1 67.81 41.4 MT - CM054704.1 0.02 45.9 Un - . - 256.53 44.5 Chromosomes Click on chromosome name to open Genome Data Viewer External Resources Baylor College of Medicine CHORI BAC Library Great Ape Genome Project NISC Comparative Vertebrate Sequencing Orangutan Cytogenetics Primate Info Net Washington University Genome Sequencing Center