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    SPP1 secreted phosphoprotein 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 6696, updated on 6-Jul-2026
    Official Symbol
    SPP1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    secreted phosphoprotein 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:11255
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000118785 MIM:166490; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11255
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    OPN; BNSP; BSPI; ETA-1
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the attachment of osteoclasts to the mineralized bone matrix. The encoded protein is secreted and binds hydroxyapatite with high affinity. The osteoclast vitronectin receptor is found in the cell membrane and may be involved in the binding to this protein. This protein is also a cytokine that upregulates expression of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
    Expression
    Biased expression in placenta (RPKM 1043.5), gall bladder (RPKM 1025.4) and 3 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    all
    Try the new Gene page
    Try the new Transcripts and proteins table
    See SPP1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    4q22.1
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 4 NC_000004.12 (87975714..87983411)
    RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 4 NC_060928.1 (91302203..91309899)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 4 NC_000004.11 (88896866..88904563)

    Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr4:88813182-88814381 Neighboring gene heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 3, pseudogene Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 543 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 601 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:88842859-88843386 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:88843387-88843913 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr4:88856983-88857804 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124900730 Neighboring gene SPP1 5' regulatory region Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15559 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15560 Neighboring gene RNA, U1 small nuclear 36, pseudogene Neighboring gene polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5607

    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
    • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
    • BioProject: PRJNA270632
    • Publication: PMID 26076956
    • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Osteopontin gene SNPs (rs9138, rs11730582) mediate susceptibility to external root resorption in orthodontic patients. Iglesias-Linares A, et al. Oral Dis, 2014 Apr. PMID 23614633
    2. OPN -443C>T genetic polymorphism and tumor OPN expression are associated with the risk and clinical features of papillary thyroid cancer in a Chinese cohort. Mu G, et al. Cell Physiol Biochem, 2013. PMID 23867349
    3. Osteopontin expressions correlate with WHO grades and predict recurrence in meningiomas. Arikök AT, et al. Brain Tumor Pathol, 2014 Apr. PMID 23793814
    4. Association between polymorphisms in osteopontin gene (SPP1) and first episode calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Safarinejad MR, et al. Urolithiasis, 2013 Aug. PMID 23784265
    5. Molecular profiling of stroma identifies osteopontin as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Sulpice L, et al. Hepatology, 2013 Dec. PMID 23775819

    See all (1206) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Dynamics of osteopontin levels and correlation with parasitemia in acute malaria in Uganda and Sweden.
      Title: Dynamics of osteopontin levels and correlation with parasitemia in acute malaria in Uganda and Sweden.
    2. The resistance to anoikis, mediated by Spp1, and the evasion of immune surveillance facilitate the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
      Title: The resistance to anoikis, mediated by Spp1, and the evasion of immune surveillance facilitate the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    3. Expression of Osteopontin and Gremlin 1 Proteins in Cardiomyocytes in Ischemic Heart Failure.
      Title: Expression of Osteopontin and Gremlin 1 Proteins in Cardiomyocytes in Ischemic Heart Failure.
    4. Osteopontin deficiency promotes cartilaginous endplate degeneration by enhancing the NF-kappaB signaling to recruit macrophages and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome.
      Title: Osteopontin deficiency promotes cartilaginous endplate degeneration by enhancing the NF-κB signaling to recruit macrophages and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome.
    5. Osteopontin deletion attenuates cyst growth but exacerbates fibrosis in mice with cystic kidney disease.
      Title: Osteopontin deletion attenuates cyst growth but exacerbates fibrosis in mice with cystic kidney disease.
    6. NOX4 and its association with myeloperoxidase and osteopontin in regulating endochondral ossification.
      Title: NOX4 and its association with myeloperoxidase and osteopontin in regulating endochondral ossification.
    7. Relationships between Interleukin 18 -607 C/A and -137 G/C, Osteopontin -9250 C/T Genetic Polymorphisms and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.
      Title: Relationships between Interleukin 18 -607 C/A and -137 G/C, Osteopontin -9250 C/T Genetic Polymorphisms and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.
    8. LINC01133 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by SPP1 through binding to Arp3.
      Title: LINC01133 promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by SPP1 through binding to Arp3.
    9. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals SPP1-CD44-mediated macrophage-tumor cell interactions drive chemoresistance in TNBC.
      Title: Single-cell transcriptome sequencing reveals SPP1-CD44-mediated macrophage-tumor cell interactions drive chemoresistance in TNBC.
    10. Osteopontin/SPP1: a potential mediator between immune cells and vascular calcification.
      Title: Osteopontin/SPP1: a potential mediator between immune cells and vascular calcification.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (1096)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    GWAS of dental caries patterns in the permanent dentition.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC110940

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables calcium ion binding EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables calcium ion binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables extracellular matrix binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables integrin binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables integrin binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables integrin binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables small molecule binding EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in androgen catabolic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in bone mineralization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in bone mineralization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in calcium ion homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell adhesion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell adhesion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cell adhesion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to testosterone stimulus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in decidualization TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in embryo implantation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of collateral sprouting of intact axon in response to injury IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in ossification IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in osteoblast differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of bone resorption IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of estradiol secretion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to steroid hormone IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to vitamin D IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in Golgi apparatus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in apical part of cell IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region EXP
    Inferred from Experiment
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in extracellular region IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular region IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in vesicle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Preferred Names
    osteopontin
    Names
    SPP1/CALPHA1 fusion
    early T-lymphocyte activation 1
    lnc-PKD2-2-3
    nephropontin
    osteopontin/immunoglobulin alpha 1 heavy chain constant region fusion protein
    secreted phosphoprotein 1 (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein I, early T-lymphocyte activation 1)
    urinary stone protein
    uropontin

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_030362.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5065..12762
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000582.3 → NP_000573.1  osteopontin isoform OPN-b precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000573.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence and lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 5. The resulting isoform (OPN-b, as described in PubMed: 7837791) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus and lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform e.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF052124, BX648003
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3626.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0ACI8RQ61
      Related
      ENSP00000237623.7, ENST00000237623.11
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00865
      Location:21 → 300
      Osteopontin; Osteopontin

    2. NM_001040058.2 → NP_001035147.1  osteopontin isoform OPN-a precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035147.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence compared to variant 5. The resulting isoform (OPN-a, as described in PubMed: 7837791) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform e.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA665210, BC017387, CB117856
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS43250.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2RDA1, P10451, Q15681, Q15682, Q15683, Q4W597, Q567T5, Q8NBK2, Q96IZ1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A6XMV6
      Related
      ENSP00000378517.3, ENST00000395080.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00865
      Location:21 → 314
      Osteopontin

    3. NM_001040060.2 → NP_001035149.1  osteopontin isoform OPN-c precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035149.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence and lacks an alternate in-frame exon compared to variant 5. The resulting isoform (OPN-c, as described in PubMed: 7837791) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus and lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform e.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA665210, AC131944, BC093033
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS34027.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0ACI8T0T1
      Related
      ENSP00000354042.4, ENST00000360804.4
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00865
      Location:21 → 287
      Osteopontin; Osteopontin

    4. NM_001251829.2 → NP_001238758.1  osteopontin isoform 4 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001238758.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR and coding sequence and lacks two alternate in-frame exons compared to variant 5. The resulting isoform (4) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus and lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform e.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB209987, AC131944, CB117856, JF412667
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS93558.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0ACM8Q8Q9, C4B6Q2, D6R9C5, Q3LGB0
      Related
      ENSP00000422973.2, ENST00000508233.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00865
      Location:26 → 273
      Osteopontin; Osteopontin

    5. NM_001251830.2 → NP_001238759.1  osteopontin isoform 5

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001238759.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (5).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC131944, AK295491, CB117856, JF412667
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0ACI8S0K2, B7Z351
      Related
      ENST00000509659.5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00865
      Location:43 → 327
      Osteopontin; Osteopontin

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000004.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      87975714..87983411
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060928.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      91302203..91309899
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P10451.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P10451

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Other Literature Sources
    Chemical Information
    Molecular Biology Databases
    Research Materials
    Tools
    Miscellaneous