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    CXCL12 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 6387, updated on 19-Sep-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    CXCL12provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:10672
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000107562 MIM:600835; AllianceGenome:HGNC:10672
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IRH; PBSF; SDF1; TLSF; TPAR1; SCYB12
    Summary
    This antimicrobial gene encodes a stromal cell-derived alpha chemokine member of the intercrine family. The encoded protein functions as the ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4, and plays a role in many diverse cellular functions, including embryogenesis, immune surveillance, inflammation response, tissue homeostasis, and tumor growth and metastasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
    Expression
    Broad expression in endometrium (RPKM 50.4), spleen (RPKM 44.2) and 23 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See CXCL12 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    10q11.21
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (44370165..44385097, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (45251013..45265954, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (44865613..44880545, complement)

    Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902543 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44607592-44608157 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_12798 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_12804 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44664362-44665561 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_12892 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44688953-44689454 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44689455-44689954 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_12920 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3307 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44703238-44703811 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44728896-44729550 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44729551-44730205 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44730206-44730859 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_13072 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer hs2509 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3311 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902544 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44793368-44793869 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44796158-44797357 Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2881 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3312 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:44805333-44805502 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44806263-44806765 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3313 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2339 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:44821405-44821620 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44833715-44834216 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44852471-44853402 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44859545-44860046 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44860047-44860546 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44866272-44866820 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44873825-44874771 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44878101-44878794 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44878795-44879488 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44879489-44880180 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 2340 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984179 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44890534-44891279 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44891280-44892024 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44894259-44895003 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44895004-44895748 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:44895749-44896492 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L9 pseudogene 21

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Susceptibility to HIV infection
    MedGen: C1836230 OMIM: 609423 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide association of early-onset myocardial infarction with single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study of clinical dimensions of schizophrenia: polygenic effect on disorganized symptoms.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study of peripheral neuropathy with D-drug-containing regimens in AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 384.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genomewide association analysis of coronary artery disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Shared genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease: a genome-wide analysis of common variants.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env HIV-1 gp120 from a T-cell-tropic virus causes CD4-dependent antagonism of CXCR4 response to SDF-1alpha, whereas gp120 from macrophage-tropic viruses causes CD4-dependent antagonism of CCR5 response to MIP-1alpha PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-induced dephosphorylation of KV2.1 and re-localization of KV2.1 on the soma and proximal dendrites results in disruption of the clustered KV2.1 via activation of CCR5/CXCR4 co-receptors or SDF-1 alpha treatment PubMed
    env CXCL12 and HIV-1 gp120 modulate the excitability of Cajal-Retzius cells in opposite directions PubMed
    env The ability of HIV-1 gp120 to inhibit SDF-1alpha-induced chemotaxis is mediated by the CD4 receptor and Lck signaling PubMed
    env The entry of T cell-tropic HIV-1 isolates into cells is blocked by SDF-1, which interacts with the HIV-1 gp120 coreceptor CXCR4 PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 abnormally interferes with SDF-1-mediated T cell chemotaxis and cell migration in resting CD4+ T Cells PubMed
    env CXCL12 variant proteins exhibits the various levels of inhibition of HIV-1 X4 Env-mediated fusion. The strongest and weakest inhibition activities among the variant proteins in the X4 Env fusion assay are CXCL12gamma and CXCL12delta, respectively PubMed
    env RANTES, stromal derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), and their combination attenuate HIV-1 gp120-induced food and water intake decrease in rats PubMed
    env Apoptosis of CD8+ T cells is mediated by the interaction between TNF-alpha bound to the membrane of macrophages (mbTNF) and a receptor on CD8+ T cells (TNF-receptor II, or TNFRII), which is upregulated by treatment with recombinant HIV-1 gp120 or SDF-1 PubMed
    env The death rate of CD8+ T cells by apoptosis, which is induced by HIV-1 gp120 from CXCR4-tropic HIV strains or by the ligand of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 (SDF-1), increased markedly during HIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells PubMed
    env A synthetic peptide domain of the V3 region of HIV-1 gp120 activates the FPRL1 receptor in monocytes and neutrophils and causes reduced response to several chemokines that use multiple cell receptors, including SDF-1alpha and RANTES PubMed
    env Chemokines such as fractalkine, macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), RANTES, and SDF-1alpha are able to block gp120-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons; both fractalkine and MDC activate ERK-1/2, while SDF-1alpha activates CREB PubMed
    env SDF-1alpha reverses gp120-induced downregulation of CD79b in CD40- and IL-4-activated purified HIV-1 seronegative human peripheral blood B cells PubMed
    env CXCR4-tropic and CXCR4/CCR5 dual-tropic HIV-1 gp120 proteins inhibit B cell chemotaxis toward CXCL12, CCL20, and CCL21, and gp120-induced p38 MAPK activation is triggered by CCL21 and CCL20 PubMed
    env The fusion of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) with stromal cell-derived factor I or alpha1 proteinase inhibitor has the capacity to compete with the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 receptor PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef inhibits CXCL12 induced chemotaxis in Jurkat cells, monocytes, and PBMCs, which leads to marked downregulation of F-actin accumulation in cells PubMed
    nef Disruption of the proline-rich region of HIV-1 Nef inhibits T-cell migration to SDF-1 alpha, suggesting Nef occupies a position in the CXCR4-mediated signaling pathway that is upstream of an SH3-dependent pathway PubMed
    nef An intracellular signaling pathway mediated by the binding of SDF-1alpha and CXCR4 is inhibited by Nef in both Jurkat T cells and primary peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes PubMed
    Pr55(Gag) gag Expression of HIV-1 Gag attenuates SDF-1-mediated downregulation of CXCR4. The effect of Gag is dependent on a TSG101 interacting motif within the C-terminal p6 region of Gag PubMed
    Tat tat Microarray analysis indicates HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12; SDF-1: stromal cell-derived factor 1) in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat tethered to the surface of syndecan-1 expression B-lymphoid cells or of peripheral blood monocytes promotes their transendothelial migration in vitro in response to CXCL12 or CCL5, respectively PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat increases CXCL12-induced internalization of CXCR4, and the Tat-mediated CXCR4 internalization requires activity of protein kinase C (zeta) PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat interacts with SDF-1alpha to induce apoptosis in Tat-treated erythroid cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat can inhibit CXCR4-mediated functions by interfering with the chemotactic activity of SDF-1/CXCL12, an effect mediated by Tat amino acids 25-31 PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat induces SDF-1alpha expression in neurons and Tat-mediated neurite outgrowth is blocked by anti-SDF-1alpha antibody, suggesting a role for SDF-1alpha in the neuronal response to HIV in brains of AIDS patients PubMed
    tat SDF-1 is upregulated by HIV-1 Tat treatment in human epithelial cells PubMed
    tat SDF-1alpha stimulates the ability of HIV-1 Tat to transactivate the HIV-1 LTR promoter PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat competes with SDF-1alpha for binding to CXCR4 PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables CXCR chemokine receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables CXCR chemokine receptor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables chemokine activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables chemokine receptor binding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables growth factor activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables integrin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables signaling receptor binding TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in CXCL12-activated CXCR4 signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in T cell chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in adult locomotory behavior IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in animal organ regeneration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in axon guidance IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in blood circulation TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cell adhesion TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cell chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cell chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to chemokine IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in chemotaxis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in defense response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in integrin activation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in intracellular calcium ion homeostasis TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in killing of cells of another organism IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in neuron migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of T cell migration IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of axon extension involved in axon guidance IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion import TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of cell adhesion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of dopamine secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of neuron differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of vasculature development IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to hypoxia IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to peptide hormone IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to ultrasound IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to virus TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in telencephalon cell migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    stromal cell-derived factor 1
    Names
    chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12
    intercrine reduced in hepatomas
    pre-B cell growth-stimulating factor

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_016861.2 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..13031
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000609.7 → NP_000600.1  stromal cell-derived factor 1 isoform beta precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000600.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an alternate exon, and differs in the 3' coding region and UTR compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform beta) is longer and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform alpha.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL137026
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44373.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B2R4G0, E7EVL0, H7BYN8, P48061, Q2L985, Q2L986, Q2L988, Q5IT36, Q6ICW0, Q9H554
      Related
      ENSP00000363551.2, ENST00000374429.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00273
      Location:27 → 88
      Chemokine_CXC; 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members contain an RCxC motif ...
    2. NM_001033886.2 → NP_001029058.1  stromal cell-derived factor 1 isoform gamma precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001029058.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains an alternate exon, and differs in the 3' coding region and UTR compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform gamma) is longer and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform alpha.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL137026, AY644456, BC031072, DQ345518
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS31186.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P48061
      Related
      ENSP00000363548.2, ENST00000374426.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00273
      Location:27 → 88
      Chemokine_CXC; 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members contain an RCxC motif ...
    3. NM_001178134.2 → NP_001171605.1  stromal cell-derived factor 1 isoform delta precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001171605.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) lacks an alternate segment, which results in a frameshift, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform delta) is longer and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform alpha.
      Source sequence(s)
      AI092156, DA266752, DQ345517
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS53527.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P48061
      Related
      ENSP00000379140.2, ENST00000395794.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00273
      Location:27 → 88
      Chemokine_CXC; Chemokine_CXC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members ...
    4. NM_001277990.2 → NP_001264919.1  stromal cell-derived factor 1 isoform 5 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001264919.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate splice site and an alternate 3'-terminal exon, compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 5) is longer and has a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform alpha.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL137026
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS60518.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P48061
      Related
      ENSP00000379139.3, ENST00000395793.7
    5. NM_199168.4 → NP_954637.1  stromal cell-derived factor 1 isoform alpha precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_954637.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the shortest protein (isoform alpha).
      Source sequence(s)
      AI092156, AL137026, BC031072, BC039893
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS7207.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P48061
      Related
      ENSP00000339913.6, ENST00000343575.11
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd00273
      Location:27 → 88
      Chemokine_CXC; Chemokine_CXC: 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members ...

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      44370165..44385097 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      45251013..45265954 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)