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    ARRB2 arrestin beta 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 409, updated on 3-Nov-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    ARRB2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    arrestin beta 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:712
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000141480 MIM:107941; AllianceGenome:HGNC:712
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    ARB2; ARR2; BARR2
    Summary
    Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]
    Expression
    Broad expression in bone marrow (RPKM 69.2), appendix (RPKM 43.9) and 21 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See ARRB2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    17p13.2
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (4710632..4721497)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (4600371..4611146)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (4613927..4624792)

    Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47187 Neighboring gene proline, glutamate and leucine rich protein 1 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47196 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47199 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47200 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47201 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47204 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47205 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47206 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47207 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47209 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11544 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47211 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47214 Neighboring gene PELP1 divergent transcript Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S12 pseudogene 29 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 8042 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11545 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_47220 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr17:4621547-4622746 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak2699 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:4634559-4635378 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:4641736-4642641 Neighboring gene mediator complex subunit 11 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:4642642-4643546 Neighboring gene C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 Neighboring gene zinc finger MYND-type containing 15

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Pol gag-pol HIV-1 Pol is identified to have a physical interaction with arrestin, beta 2 (ARRB2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed
    Tat tat Overexpression of HIV-1 Tat results in a nonspecific activation of the expression of beta-arrestin PubMed
    retropepsin gag-pol HIV-1 PR is identified to have a physical interaction with arrestin, beta 2 (ARRB2) in human HEK293 and/or Jurkat cell lines by using affinity tagging and purification mass spectrometry analyses PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Clone Names

    • DKFZp686L0365

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables D1 dopamine receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables G protein-coupled receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables angiotensin receptor binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables angiotensin receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables enzyme binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables molecular adaptor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein kinase B binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables signaling receptor binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in G protein-coupled dopamine receptor signaling pathway NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in G protein-coupled receptor internalization TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in adult walking behavior IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in cell chemotaxis IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in desensitization of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in excitatory postsynaptic potential NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-12 production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of protein ubiquitination IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of receptor internalization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of synaptic transmission, dopaminergic IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in postsynaptic signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in protein transport IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in protein ubiquitination IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in receptor internalization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in clathrin-coated pit IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    is_active_in cytoplasm IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasmic vesicle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in endocytic vesicle IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in endocytic vesicle membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in glutamatergic synapse IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in postsynapse IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    beta-arrestin-2
    Names
    arrestin 3
    non-visual arrestin-3

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001257328.2NP_001244257.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform 3

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244257.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (3).
      Source sequence(s)
      AB209786, AK297181, BC007427, BG723452
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58504.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K4I6
      Related
      ENSP00000403701.3, ENST00000412477.7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:215370
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      pfam00339
      Location:19196
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
    2. NM_001257329.2NP_001244258.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform 4

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon and uses an alternate splice junction at the 3' end of another exon, that causes a frameshift. The resulting isoform (4) lacks an alternate internal segment and has a shorter and distinct C-terminus compared to isoform 3.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC007427, BC095450, BG723452
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS59276.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      K7ENA6
      Related
      ENSP00000466857.1, ENST00000575877.5
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:194264
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      pfam00339
      Location:19175
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
    3. NM_001257330.2NP_001244259.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform 5

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244259.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (5) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 5' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (5) lacks an alternate internal segment and contains another alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC007427, BG723452, DQ664180
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K4I6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:194349
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      pfam00339
      Location:19175
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
    4. NM_001257331.2NP_001244260.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform 6

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001244260.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (6) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon, and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 5' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (6) lacks two alternate internal segments and contains another alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK097542, BC007427, BG723452, DQ664180
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS58505.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K4I6
      Related
      ENSP00000341895.2, ENST00000346341.6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:179334
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      cl22903
      Location:19160
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
    5. NM_001330064.2NP_001316993.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform 7

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (8) has multiple differences compared to variant 3. The encoded isoform (7) is shorter than isoform 3.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC091153, BC007427
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS82039.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q68DZ5
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart01017
      Location:2157
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    6. NM_004313.4NP_004304.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004304.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of an exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (1) lacks an alternate internal segment compared to isoform 3.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF106941, BC007427, BG723452
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11050.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      B4DLW0, B5B0C0, B7WPL3, D3DTK2, H0Y688, P32121, Q0Z8D3, Q2PP19, Q6ICT3, Q8N7Y2, Q9UEQ6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K4I6
      Related
      ENSP00000269260.2, ENST00000269260.7
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:194349
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      pfam00339
      Location:19175
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
    7. NM_199004.2NP_945355.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_945355.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice junction at the 3' end of another exon compared to variant 3. The resulting isoform (2) lacks two alternate internal segments compared to isoform 3.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF106941, AK097542, BC007427, BG723452
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS11051.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K4I6
      Related
      ENSP00000370898.6, ENST00000381488.10
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:179334
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      cl22903
      Location:19160
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain

    RNA

    1. NR_047516.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (7) lacks an alternate coding exon compared to isoform 3, that causes a frameshift. The resulting transcript could encode a 217 aa isoform but instead is thought to be non-protein coding due to the presence of an upstream open reading frame with a strong Kozak signal. Translation beginning at that start site renders this transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AB209786, BC007427, BG723452

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      4710632..4721497
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047436066.1XP_047292022.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

    2. XM_047436067.1XP_047292023.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q68DZ5
      Related
      ENSP00000465296.1, ENST00000572457.5
    3. XM_024450752.2XP_024306520.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart01017
      Location:2157
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    4. XM_024450753.2XP_024306521.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart01017
      Location:2157
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
    5. XM_011523858.3XP_011522160.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K4I6
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart01017
      Location:225380
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain
      pfam00339
      Location:50206
      Arrestin_N; Arrestin (or S-antigen), N-terminal domain
    6. XM_047436062.1XP_047292018.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

    7. XM_047436065.1XP_047292021.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X4

    8. XM_047436063.1XP_047292019.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

    9. XM_047436064.1XP_047292020.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q68DZ5
    10. XM_017024645.2XP_016880134.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      smart01017
      Location:2157
      Arrestin_C; Arrestin (or S-antigen), C-terminal domain

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      4600371..4611146
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_054316121.1XP_054172096.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

    2. XM_054316122.1XP_054172097.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q68DZ5
    3. XM_054316123.1XP_054172098.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

    4. XM_054316124.1XP_054172099.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1

    5. XM_054316119.1XP_054172094.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X2

    6. XM_054316120.1XP_054172095.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X4

    7. XM_054316125.1XP_054172100.1  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1