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    IL1A interleukin 1 alpha [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 3552, updated on 18-Sep-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    IL1Aprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    interleukin 1 alphaprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:5991
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000115008 MIM:147760; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5991
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    IL1; IL-1A; IL1F1; IL1-ALPHA; IL-1 alpha
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and hematopoiesis. This cytokine is produced by monocytes and macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed and released in response to cell injury, and thus induces apoptosis. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. It has been suggested that the polymorphism of these genes is associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Annotation information
    Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
    Expression
    Biased expression in testis (RPKM 5.2), esophagus (RPKM 4.6) and 7 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See IL1A in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    2q14.1
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 2 NC_000002.12 (112773925..112784493, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 2 NC_060926.1 (113200569..113210953, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 2 NC_000002.11 (113531502..113542070, complement)

    Chromosome 2 - NC_000002.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC102724955 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr2:113448691-113448877 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:113449610-113450809 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:113451927-113452426 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16397 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:113483672-113484391 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:113484392-113485110 Neighboring gene 5'-nucleotidase domain containing 4 Neighboring gene cytoskeleton associated protein 2 like Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16398 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16399 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 11876 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10892 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16400 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16401 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:113551633-113552832 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16402 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 16403 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr2:113563077-113563577 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr2:113569190-113570389 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124907871 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10273 Neighboring gene interleukin 1 beta

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Genome-wide pharmacogenomic study of neurocognition as an indicator of antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Meta-analysis of genome-wide association scans for genetic susceptibility to endometriosis in Japanese population.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Infectious wild type HIV-1 production is enhanced by 293T cells over-expressing IL1A PubMed
    Knockdown of interleukin 1, alpha (IL1A) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120 increases the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and IL-1 in human cells PubMed
    env Addition of HIV-1 gp120 to IL-1 treated human granulocytes or monocytes results in a slower movement that is chemokinetic (loss of directionality or random) in nature PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env IL-1 and TNF-alpha production are induced by the treatment of cells with HIV-1 gp160 PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env HIV-1 gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides induce the production of interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF); in contrast, gp41 or gp120 synthetic peptides are able to depress the production of interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 PubMed
    Tat tat IL1A is upregulated in HIV-1 Tat and NC cotransfection of HEK 293T cells PubMed
    tat IL-1 stimulated NO production and iNOS mRNA expression are down-regulated by pretreatment with HIV-1 Tat-SOD fusion proteins in cultured chondrocytes PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates IL-1beta expression in a variety of cell types, including primary blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), Jurkat and microglia PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates IL-1alpha expression in Raji cells PubMed
    Vpr vpr HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the gene expression of IL1A in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells PubMed
    nucleocapsid gag IL1A is upregulated in HIV-1 Tat and NC cotransfection of HEK 293T cells PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables copper ion binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables cytokine activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables cytokine activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables interleukin-1 receptor binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in apoptotic process TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to heat IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in ectopic germ cell programmed cell death IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in fever generation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in heart development IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in immune response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in inflammatory response IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in intracellular sodium ion homeostasis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in keratinization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of establishment of Sertoli cell barrier IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of JNK cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cell division IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of interleukin-2 production IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-2 production ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of positive regulation of interleukin-6 production ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of neutrophil migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of protein secretion IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    acts_upstream_of positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in response to L-ascorbic acid IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to copper ion IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to gamma radiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to hypoxia IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in response to ozone IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in spermatogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cell surface IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in extracellular region TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in extracellular space IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular space IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in extracellular space IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    interleukin-1 alpha
    Names
    hematopoietin-1
    preinterleukin 1 alpha
    pro-interleukin-1-alpha

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_008850.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5902..16470
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_000575.5NP_000566.3  interleukin-1 alpha precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC112235
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2101.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01583, Q53QF9, Q7RU02
      Related
      ENSP00000263339.3, ENST00000263339.4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00125
      Location:129267
      IL1; Interleukin-1 homologues
      pfam02394
      Location:1108
      IL1_propep; Interleukin-1 propeptide
    2. NM_001371554.1NP_001358483.1  interleukin-1 alpha precursor

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC112235
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS2101.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P01583, Q53QF9, Q7RU02
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      smart00125
      Location:129267
      IL1; Interleukin-1 homologues
      pfam02394
      Location:1108
      IL1_propep; Interleukin-1 propeptide

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000002.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      112773925..112784493 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060926.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      113200569..113210953 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)