Gad2 glutamate decarboxylase 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gad2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: glutamate decarboxylase 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2653
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000017803 AllianceGenome:RGD:2653
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: gad65
Summary: Enables glutamate binding activity; glutamate decarboxylase activity; and pyridoxal phosphate binding activity. Involved in several processes, including carboxylic acid metabolic process; cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus; and response to dexamethasone. Located in several cellular components, including inhibitory synapse; neuronal cell body; and synaptic vesicle membrane. Is active in GABA-ergic synapse and presynapse. Biomarker of autism spectrum disorder; bipolar disorder; epilepsy; transient cerebral ischemia; and withdrawal disorder. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including alcohol dependence; amphetamine abuse; diabetes mellitus (multiple); drug psychosis; and heroin dependence. Orthologous to human GAD2 (glutamate decarboxylase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Expression: Restricted expression toward (RPKM 362.4) See more
Orthologs: all
: Try the new Gene page
Try the new Transcripts and proteins table

Genomic context

Location:: 17q12.3

Exon count:: 16

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	17	NC_086035.1 (89671718..89734246)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	17	NC_051352.1 (84763630..84826155)

Chromosome 17 - NC_086035.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help

See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

Go to the top of the page Help

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Expression of GAD65/67 and VGLUT2 in Mediobasal Nuclei of Rat Hypothalamus during Aging.
Title: Expression of GAD65/67 and VGLUT2 in Mediobasal Nuclei of Rat Hypothalamus during Aging.
Parvalbumin in the metabolic pathway of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid: Influence on expression of GAD65 and GAD67.
Title: Parvalbumin in the metabolic pathway of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid: Influence on expression of GAD65 and GAD67.
Impact of GAD65 and/or GAD67 deficiency on perinatal development in rats.
Title: Impact of GAD65 and/or GAD67 deficiency on perinatal development in rats.
Rats deficient in the GAD65 isoform exhibit epilepsy and premature lethality.
Title: Rats deficient in the GAD65 isoform exhibit epilepsy and premature lethality.
No changes in either Arc or GAD protein expression were observed in primary auditory cortex in the immediate post-noise exposure period, confirming other reports that auditory cortical plasticity may not occur until later in the development of tinnitus.
Title: Acute high-intensity noise induces rapid Arc protein expression but fails to rapidly change GAD expression in amygdala and hippocampus of rats: Effects of treatment with D-cycloserine.
Study propose that aberrant accumulation of immunogenic GAD65 in Golgi membranes facilitates inappropriate presentation to the immune system after release from stressed and/or damaged beta-cells, triggering autoimmunity.
Title: Aberrant Accumulation of the Diabetes Autoantigen GAD65 in Golgi Membranes in Conditions of ER Stress and Autoimmunity.
otoferlin, through GAD65, modulates GABAergic activity.
Title: Function coupling of otoferlin with GAD65 acts to modulate GABAergic activity.
This study demonistrated that GAD65+ inhibitory terminals revealed that nerve injury induced a transient loss of GAD65 immunoreactive terminals.
Title: Spatial and temporal pattern of changes in the number of GAD65-immunoreactive inhibitory terminals in the rat superficial dorsal horn following peripheral nerve injury.
experimental reduction of GAD65/67 expression bilaterally in the NAcbC is sufficient to increase impulsivity in LI rats.
Title: Gamma aminobutyric acidergic and neuronal structural markers in the nucleus accumbens core underlie trait-like impulsive behavior.
No changes in GAD67 and GAD65 mRNA expression between control and bile duct ligated rats
Title: Expression of Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA in the brain of bile duct ligated rats serving as a model of hepatic encephalopathy.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (26)

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help

Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

RH142194 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:231444

Gad2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143161

RH138172 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:220259

RH94411 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119659

Gad2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:507876

Gad2 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:266999

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables carbon-carbon lyase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables carboxy-lyase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables glutamate binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutamate decarboxylase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables glutamate decarboxylase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables glutamate decarboxylase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables protein-containing complex binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables pyridoxal phosphate binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in GABA biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in GABA shunt	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in GABA shunt	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to hypoxia	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in response to caloric restriction	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to cocaine	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to dexamethasone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to progesterone	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to stress	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in GABA-ergic synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in Golgi membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in Golgi membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in axon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in inhibitory synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in presynapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in presynapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in presynaptic membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in presynaptic membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in synapse	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synapse	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in synaptic vesicle membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help

Preferred Names: glutamate decarboxylase 2

Names: 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase; GAD-65; Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (islet); glutamic acid decarboxylase 2; glutamic acid decarboxylase 65

NP_036695.1

EC 4.1.1.15

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.