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    TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 7015, updated on 1-Oct-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    TERTprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    telomerase reverse transcriptaseprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:11730
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000164362 MIM:187270; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11730
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    TP2; TRT; CMM9; EST2; TCS1; hTRT; DKCA2; DKCB4; hEST2; PFBMFT1
    Summary
    Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, encoded by this gene, and an RNA component which serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms of telomerase reverse transcriptase have been identified; the full-length sequence of some variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing at this locus is thought to be one mechanism of regulation of telomerase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See TERT in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    5p15.33
    Exon count:
    16
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (1253167..1295068, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (1160074..1202878, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (1253282..1295183, complement)

    Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:1204178-1204741 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 6 member 19 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:1225890-1226432 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 6 member 18 Neighboring gene MNS16A minisatellite promoter Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:1264322-1264939 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 13256 Neighboring gene TERT enhancer in intron 2 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:1290609-1291360 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:1291361-1292111 Neighboring gene TERT 5' regulatory region Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22305 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22306 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 22307 Neighboring gene microRNA 4457 Neighboring gene melanoma risk locus-associated MPRA allelic enhancer 5:1320136 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:1325297-1325797 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:1327650-1328264 Neighboring gene CLPTM1 like Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr5:1328265-1328877 Neighboring gene melanoma risk locus-associated MPRA allelic enhancer 5:1330840 Neighboring gene melanoma risk locus-associated MPRA allelic enhancer 5:1341101

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Associated conditions

    Description Tests
    Acute myeloid leukemia Compare labs
    Aplastic anemia
    MedGen: C0002874 OMIM: 609135 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs
    Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal dominant 1 Compare labs
    Dyskeratosis congenita, autosomal dominant 2 Compare labs
    Interstitial lung disease 2 Compare labs
    Melanoma, cutaneous malignant, susceptibility to, 9
    MedGen: C3554574 OMIM: 615134 GeneReviews: Not available
    Compare labs
    Pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, Telomere-related, 1 Compare labs

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A common variant at the TERT-CLPTM1L locus is associated with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A genome-wide association study identifies a locus on TERT for mean telomere length in Han Chinese.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A genome-wide association study identifies an association of a common variant in TERT with susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A genome-wide association study identifies two new lung cancer susceptibility loci at 13q12.12 and 22q12.2 in Han Chinese.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A genome-wide association study identifies two new susceptibility loci for lung adenocarcinoma in the Japanese population.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A genome-wide association study of lung cancer identifies a region of chromosome 5p15 associated with risk for adenocarcinoma.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A multi-stage genome-wide association study of bladder cancer identifies multiple susceptibility loci.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Chromosome 7p11.2 (EGFR) variation influences glioma risk.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Combinations of newly confirmed Glioma-Associated loci link regions on chromosomes 1 and 9 to increased disease risk.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genetic correction of PSA values using sequence variants associated with PSA levels.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci in never-smoking women in Asia.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association studies identify four ER negative-specific breast cancer risk loci.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies 25 known breast cancer susceptibility loci as risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies five susceptibility loci for glioma.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies multiple loci associated with bladder cancer risk.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pulmonary fibrosis.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study identifies three new melanoma susceptibility loci.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study of glioma and meta-analysis.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide association study of hematological and biochemical traits in a Japanese population.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Germline sequence variants in TGM3 and RGS22 confer risk of basal cell carcinoma.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Identification of nine new susceptibility loci for testicular cancer, including variants near DAZL and PRDM14.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Large-scale genotyping identifies 41 new loci associated with breast cancer risk.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Lung cancer susceptibility locus at 5p15.33.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Sequence variants at the TERT-CLPTM1L locus associate with many cancer types.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Seven prostate cancer susceptibility loci identified by a multi-stage genome-wide association study.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    The 5p15.33 locus is associated with risk of lung adenocarcinoma in never-smoking females in Asia.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Variants near DMRT1, TERT and ATF7IP are associated with testicular germ cell cancer.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Variants near TERT and TERC influencing telomere length are associated with high-grade glioma risk.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Variation in TP63 is associated with lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility in Japanese and Korean populations.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Telomerase activity in normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) exposed to recombinant gp120 is significantly reduced PubMed
    Tat tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates the expression of HSP90 in CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to the impairment of hTERT stability and activation in Tat exposed cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat upregulates the total levels of PP2A protein and downregulates the inactive form of phosphorylated PP2A, which leads to inhibit hTERT activity directly or indirectly in CD4+ T cells PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat downregulates the amount of TERT component in the nucleus, where this subunit is required for telomere elongation PubMed
    tat Inhibition of hTERT results in the upregulation of HIV-1 Tat-induced overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) via the nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated mechanism PubMed
    Vpr vpr The interaction of HIV-1 Vpr with the EDVP E3 ligase complex (EDD, DDB1, and VPRBP) promotes Vpr-mediated downregulation of TERT protein PubMed
    vpr HIV-1 Vpr inhibits telomerase activity via TERT protein downregulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Vpr mutants Q65R, F72L, and R77Q fail to downregulate TERT protein PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables RNA binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables identical protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein homodimerization activity IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein-folding chaperone binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables tRNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables telomerase RNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables telomerase RNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables telomerase RNA binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables telomerase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables telomerase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables telomerase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables telomeric DNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables template-free RNA nucleotidyltransferase IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables transcription coactivator binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in DNA biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in DNA strand elongation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in RNA-templated DNA biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in RNA-templated transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in cellular response to hypoxia IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in establishment of protein localization to telomere IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in mitochondrion organization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cellular senescence IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of cellular senescence IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of gene expression IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of D-glucose import IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of hair cycle ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of protein localization to nucleolus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of stem cell proliferation ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of transdifferentiation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of protein stability IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of protein stability IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in replicative senescence IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in response to cadmium ion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in siRNA processing IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in siRNA transcription IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in telomere maintenance TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in telomere maintenance via telomerase IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in telomere maintenance via telomerase IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in telomere maintenance via telomerase IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in telomere maintenance via telomerase NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    colocalizes_with PML body IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of TERT-RMRP complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of TERT-RMRP complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in chromosome, telomeric region IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in chromosome, telomeric region IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrial nucleoid IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in nuclear speck IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
     
    part_of nuclear telomere cap complex IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in nucleolus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in nucleolus NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in nucleoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in plasma membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    part_of telomerase catalytic core complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    part_of telomerase catalytic core complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of telomerase catalytic core complex IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of telomerase catalytic core complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of telomerase holoenzyme complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of telomerase holoenzyme complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of telomerase holoenzyme complex NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    part_of telomerase holoenzyme complex TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    telomerase reverse transcriptase
    Names
    telomerase catalytic subunit
    telomerase-associated protein 2
    NP_001180305.1
    NP_937983.2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_009265.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..46881
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_343

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001193376.3NP_001180305.1  telomerase reverse transcriptase isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001180305.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the middle portion of the coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB085628, AC114291, AF015950
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS54831.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14746
      Related
      ENSP00000334346.6, ENST00000334602.10
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00975
      Location:460594
      Telomerase_RBD; Telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex - RNA binding domain
      cd01648
      Location:825884
      TERT; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that synthesizes telomeric DNA repeats. The telomerase RNA subunit provides the template for synthesis of these repeats. The catalytic subunit of RNP is known as ...
      cl02808
      Location:618729
      RT_like; RT_like: Reverse transcriptase (RT, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase)_like family. An RT gene is usually indicative of a mobile element such as a retrotransposon or retrovirus. RTs occur in a variety of mobile elements, including retrotransposons, ...
    2. NM_198253.3NP_937983.2  telomerase reverse transcriptase isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_937983.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC114291, AF015950, AF018167
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS3861.2
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O14746, O14783, Q2XS35, Q8N6C3, Q8NG38, Q8NG46
      Related
      ENSP00000309572.5, ENST00000310581.10
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      smart00975
      Location:460594
      Telomerase_RBD; Telomerase ribonucleoprotein complex - RNA binding domain
      cd01648
      Location:825936
      TERT; TERT: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that synthesizes telomeric DNA repeats. The telomerase RNA subunit provides the template for synthesis of these repeats. The catalytic subunit of RNP is known as ...
      cl02808
      Location:618729
      RT_like; RT_like: Reverse transcriptase (RT, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase)_like family. An RT gene is usually indicative of a mobile element such as a retrotransposon or retrovirus. RTs occur in a variety of mobile elements, including retrotransposons, ...

    RNA

    1. NR_149162.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AB086379, AC114291
    2. NR_149163.3 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AB086950, AC114291
      Related
      ENST00000460137.6

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      1253167..1295068 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      1160074..1202878 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

    The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

    1. NM_198254.1: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_198254.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
    2. NM_198255.2: Suppressed sequence

      Description
      NM_198255.2: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.