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    RHOD ras homolog family member D [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 29984, updated on 19-Sep-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    RHODprovided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    ras homolog family member Dprovided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:670
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000173156 MIM:605781; AllianceGenome:HGNC:670
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    Rho; ARHD; RHOM; RHOHP1
    Summary
    Ras homolog, or Rho, proteins interact with protein kinases and may serve as targets for activated GTPase. They play a critical role in muscle differentiation. The protein encoded by this gene binds GTP and is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. It is involved in endosome dynamics and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, and it may coordinate membrane transport with the function of the cytoskeleton. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in esophagus (RPKM 14.1), skin (RPKM 7.1) and 20 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
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    Genomic context

    See RHOD in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    11q13.2
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (67056847..67072017)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (67051322..67066491)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (66824318..66839488)

    Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902849 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66769673-66770332 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66788895-66790094 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66791036-66791536 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66791537-66792037 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5064 Neighboring gene synaptotagmin 12 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66799719-66800558 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5065 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5066 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66816246-66816774 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5067 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3610 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3609 Neighboring gene microRNA 6860 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66841392-66841892 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1310 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66845407-66846302 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5068 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3611 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5069 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5070 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:66867665-66868165 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984341 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3612 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3613 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5072 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3614 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3615 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3616 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3617 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3618 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902695 Neighboring gene lysine demethylase 2A

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of ras homolog family member D (RHOD) by siRNA inhibits HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Tat tat The function and activity of CREB is required for both Tat-induced Rho signaling and nuclear targeting of ZO-1 PubMed
    matrix gag HIV-1 MA-induced upregulation of collagen-I and alpha-SMA expression is dependent on CXCR2 via the Rho/ROCK-1 pathway PubMed
    gag HIV-1 p17-mediated activation of the Rho/ROCK-signaling pathway is required for p17-mediated monocyte adhesion and migration PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables GTP binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables GTPase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein kinase binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in Rho protein signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in actin filament bundle assembly IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in actin filament organization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in cell migration IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in focal adhesion assembly IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in lamellipodium assembly IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell adhesion IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell migration IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    involved_in signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in Golgi membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in cytosol IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in early endosome IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in endosome membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in mitochondrial outer membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in plasma membrane TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoD
    Names
    Rho-related protein HP1
    ras homolog D
    ras homolog gene family, member A
    ras homolog gene family, member D

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001300886.2NP_001287815.1  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoD isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001287815.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame segment compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) has the same N- and C-termini but is shorter compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      BM761353, CB853597, CN305061
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS73330.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      E9PIG5
      Related
      ENSP00000432003.1, ENST00000532559.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl38936
      Location:16144
      P-loop_NTPase; P-loop containing Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolases
    2. NM_014578.4NP_055393.1  rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoD isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_055393.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      BC001338, BM761362, CA433897
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS8155.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O00212
      Related
      ENSP00000308576.2, ENST00000308831.7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd04132
      Location:16210
      Rho4_like; Ras homology family 4 (Rho4) of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases)-like

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      67056847..67072017
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      67051322..67066491
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)