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ACP3 acid phosphatase 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 55, updated on 5-Sep-2025
Official Symbol
ACP3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
acid phosphatase 3provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:125
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000014257 MIM:171790; AllianceGenome:HGNC:125
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ACPP; 5'-NT; ACP-3; TM-PAP
Summary
This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate. It is synthesized under androgen regulation and is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland. An alternatively spliced transcript variant encoding a longer isoform has been found for this gene. This isoform contains a transmembrane domain and is localized in the plasma membrane-endosomal-lysosomal pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]
Expression
Restricted expression toward prostate (RPKM 1149.8) See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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See ACP3 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3q22.1
Exon count:
12
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2025_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (132317407..132368302)
RS_2025_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (135061847..135112776)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (132036251..132087146)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7 pseudogene 16 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906374 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124909435 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:132099837-132100615 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:132100616-132101393 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:132101394-132102172 Neighboring gene G2E3 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene NIP7 pseudogene 2

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

  • Project title: Tissue-specific circular RNA induction during human fetal development
  • Description: 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time were sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA
  • BioProject: PRJNA270632
  • Publication: PMID 26076956
  • Analysis date: Mon Apr 2 22:54:59 2018

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Prostatic acid phosphatase in breast cyst fluid. Erbas H, et al. Malays J Pathol, 2007 Dec. PMID 19108401
  2. Seminal plasma accelerates semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI) fibril formation by the prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP248-286) peptide. Olsen JS, et al. J Biol Chem, 2012 Apr 6. PMID 22354963, Free PMC Article
  3. Naturally occurring fragments from two distinct regions of the prostatic acid phosphatase form amyloidogenic enhancers of HIV infection. Arnold F, et al. J Virol, 2012 Jan. PMID 22090109, Free PMC Article
  4. Undetectable serum prostate-specific antigen associated with metastatic prostate cancer: a case report and review of the literature. Safa AA, et al. Am J Clin Oncol, 1998 Aug. PMID 9708626
  5. Prostatic acid phosphatase expression in human tissues. Graddis TJ, et al. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2011 Mar. PMID 21487525, Free PMC Article

See all (105) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Purification, identification and Cryo-EM structure of prostatic acid phosphatase in human semen.
    Title: Purification, identification and Cryo-EM structure of prostatic acid phosphatase in human semen.
  2. Multifunctionality of prostatic acid phosphatase in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
    Title: Multifunctionality of prostatic acid phosphatase in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
  3. Enhanced TDPase and TMPase activities may contribute to the reduction of TDP level in AD patients. The results imply that an imbalance of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation related to thiamine and glucose metabolism may be a potential target for AD prevention and therapy.
    Title: Enhanced Activities of Blood Thiamine Diphosphatase and Monophosphatase in Alzheimer's Disease.
  4. Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in acid phosphatase prostate (ACPP) were suggested as candidate causal alleles that underlie ACPP regulation and expression.
    Title: Variants in ACPP are associated with cerebrospinal fluid Prostatic Acid Phosphatase levels.
  5. we have measured the intramolecular diffusion of the full length and 8-residue deletion peptides at two different pHs and found a correlation with fibrillization lag time. These results can be explained by a simple kinetic model of the early stages of aggregation in which oligomerization is controlled by the rate of peptide reconfiguration.
    Title: Intramolecular diffusion controls aggregation of the PAPf39 peptide.
  6. Prostatic acid phosphatase delays prostate cancer cell growth in G1 phase of the cell cycle.
    Title: Transmembrane prostatic acid phosphatase (TMPAP) delays cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle.
  7. Studies suggest that understanding of prostatic acid phosphatase function and regulation of expression will have a significant impact on understanding prostate cancer (PCa) progression and therapy.
    Title: Human prostatic acid phosphatase: structure, function and regulation.
  8. Certain factors identified within semen, termed semen-derived enhancers of virus infection (SEVI), fragments of prostatic acid phosphatase, have been shown to significantly enhance HIV-1 infectivity.
    Title: Characterization of the Influence of Semen-Derived Enhancer of Virus Infection on the Interaction of HIV-1 with Female Reproductive Tract Tissues.
  9. ACPP increases significantly in epithelial cells of ovarian carcinoma, which indicates that it may be a candidate biomarker for diagnosis of epithelia-derived ovarian cancer in women.
    Title: Avian prostatic acid phosphatase: estrogen regulation in the oviduct and epithelial cell-derived ovarian carcinomas.
  10. Data indicate that hypoxia regulates prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) through hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2alpha) and from stimulated A2B adenosine receptors.
    Title: The HIF-2alpha dependent induction of PAP and adenosine synthesis regulates glioblastoma stem cell function through the A2B adenosine receptor.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (44)

Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables 5'-nucleotidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables 5'-nucleotidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables acid phosphatase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables acid phosphatase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables acid phosphatase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables choline binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables hydrolase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables molecular adaptor activity EXP
Inferred from Experiment
more info
 PubMed 
enables phosphatase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables phosphatase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein tyrosine phosphatase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables thiamine phosphate phosphatase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables thiamine phosphate phosphatase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in adenosine metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in adenosine metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in lipid metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in nucleotide metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of adenosine receptor signaling pathway IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in purine nucleobase metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of sensory perception of pain IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of sensory perception of pain IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of sensory perception of pain IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in thiamine metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in thiamine metabolic process ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi cisterna IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in apical part of cell IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in azurophil granule membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytosol IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular region IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in extracellular space IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
located_in filopodium IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in lysosomal membrane HDA PubMed 
located_in lysosomal membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in lysosome IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in multivesicular body IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleus HDA PubMed 
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
is_active_in plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in secretory granule IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in vesicle membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in vesicle membrane ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Preferred Names
prostatic acid phosphatase
Names
TMPase
acid phosphatase, prostate
ecto-5'-nucleotidase
prostatic acid phosphotase
protein tyrosine phosphatase ACP3
thiamine monophosphatase
NP_001090.2
NP_001127666.1
NP_001278966.1
XP_011511248.1
XP_011511249.1
XP_054203008.1
XP_054203009.1

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_047032.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5041..46475
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001099.5 → NP_001090.2  prostatic acid phosphatase isoform PAP precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001090.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant transcript and encodes the shorter, secreted isoform (PAP).
    Source sequence(s)
    AA578274, AC020633, BC008493, BC016344
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3073.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DNC6, P15309, Q5FBY0, Q96KY0, Q96QK9, Q96QM0
    Related
    ENSP00000337471.5, ENST00000336375.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07061
    Location:34 → 332
    HP_HAP_like; Histidine phosphatase domain found in histidine acid phosphatases and phytases; contains a His residue which is phosphorylated during the reaction

  2. NM_001134194.2 → NP_001127666.1  prostatic acid phosphatase isoform TM-PAP precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001127666.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs at the 3' end compared to variant 1 and encodes a longer isoform (TM-PAP) with a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform PAP. TM-PAP is a type 1 transmembrane protein.
    Source sequence(s)
    AW136372, BC007460, BC008493, BQ100881, DC383453
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS46916.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P15309
    Related
    ENSP00000323036.8, ENST00000351273.12
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07061
    Location:34 → 332
    HP_HAP_like; Histidine phosphatase domain found in histidine acid phosphatases and phytases; contains a His residue which is phosphorylated during the reaction

  3. NM_001292037.2 → NP_001278966.1  prostatic acid phosphatase isoform 3 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001278966.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate exon in the coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting protein (isoform 3) is shorter but has the same N- and C-termini compared to isoform PAP.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC020633, AK300540, DC383453
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS77818.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P15309
    Related
    ENSP00000417744.1, ENST00000475741.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07061
    Location:34 → 299
    HP_HAP_like; Histidine phosphatase domain found in histidine acid phosphatases and phytases; contains a His residue which is phosphorylated during the reaction

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2025_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    132317407..132368302
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011512947.3 → XP_011511249.1  prostatic acid phosphatase isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07061
    Location:34 → 299
    HP_HAP_like; Histidine phosphatase domain found in histidine acid phosphatases and phytases; contains a His residue which is phosphorylated during the reaction

  2. XM_011512946.2 → XP_011511248.1  prostatic acid phosphatase isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd07061
    Location:34 → 332
    HP_HAP_like; Histidine phosphatase domain found in histidine acid phosphatases and phytases; contains a His residue which is phosphorylated during the reaction

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    135061847..135112776
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054347034.1 → XP_054203009.1  prostatic acid phosphatase isoform X2

  2. XM_054347033.1 → XP_054203008.1  prostatic acid phosphatase isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P15309.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P15309

Gene LinkOut

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