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APOA1 apolipoprotein A1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 335, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
APOA1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
apolipoprotein A1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:600
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000118137 MIM:107680; AllianceGenome:HGNC:600
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
AMYLD3; HPALP2; apo(a)
Summary
This gene encodes apolipoprotein A-I, which is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature protein, which promotes cholesterol efflux from tissues to the liver for excretion, and is a cofactor for lecithin cholesterolacyltransferase (LCAT), an enzyme responsible for the formation of most plasma cholesteryl esters. This gene is closely linked with two other apolipoprotein genes on chromosome 11. Defects in this gene are associated with HDL deficiencies, including Tangier disease, and with systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]
Expression
Biased expression in liver (RPKM 4032.4), small intestine (RPKM 1199.8) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

See APOA1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
11q23.3
Exon count:
4
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (116835751..116837622, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (116850858..116852729, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (116706467..116708338, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene skeletal muscle cis-regulatory module in APOA4 and APOC3 intergenic region Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:116700143-116701075 Neighboring gene apolipoprotein A4 Neighboring gene APOA1 antisense RNA Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3925 Neighboring gene apolipoprotein C3 Neighboring gene SIK family kinase 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3926 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5557 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5558 Neighboring gene OCT4 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:116766707-116767208 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1483 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3927 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1484 silencer Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1485 silencer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5560 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:116881555-116882207 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5561 Neighboring gene RNY4 pseudogene 6 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S27 pseudogene 19

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Familial visceral amyloidosis, Ostertag type
MedGen: C0268389 OMIM: 105200 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs
Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 2
MedGen: C5551172 OMIM: 618463 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs
Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, primary, 2, intermediate
MedGen: C5677030 OMIM: 619836 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
A genome wide association study identifies common variants associated with lipid levels in the Chinese population.
EBI GWAS Catalog
A null mutation in human APOC3 confers a favorable plasma lipid profile and apparent cardioprotection.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genetic variants influencing circulating lipid levels and risk of coronary artery disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study identifies genes for biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: serum urate and dyslipidemia.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study identifies multiple loci influencing human serum metabolite levels.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study of hematological and biochemical traits in a Japanese population.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide scan identifies variation in MLXIPL associated with plasma triglycerides.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genomic study in Mexicans identifies a new locus for triglycerides and refines European lipid loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Large-scale association analysis identifies 13 new susceptibility loci for coronary artery disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Large-scale genome-wide association studies in East Asians identify new genetic loci influencing metabolic traits.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Loci influencing lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk in 16 European population cohorts.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Newly identified loci that influence lipid concentrations and risk of coronary artery disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Novel Loci for metabolic networks and multi-tissue expression studies reveal genes for atherosclerosis.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Plasma lipids, genetic variants near APOA1, and the risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Salt-inducible kinase 3, SIK3, is a new gene associated with hearing.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Shared genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke and coronary artery disease: a genome-wide analysis of common variants.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Six new loci associated with blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides in humans.
EBI GWAS Catalog

HIV-1 interactions

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Apolipoprotein A-1 competes with CD4 receptor binding to HIV-1 gp120 in human lymphocytes PubMed
Nef nef HIV-1 Nef impairs cholesterol efflux from macrophages and inhibits internalization of apolipoprotein A1 from the plasma membrane PubMed
nef Cav-1 interacts with HIV-1 Nef and restores Nef mediated impairment of apoA-I mediated cholesterol efflux in astrocyte derived glioblastoma cells and macrophages PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • MGC117399

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables amyloid-beta binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables amyloid-beta binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables apolipoprotein receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables chemorepellent activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables cholesterol binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
contributes_to cholesterol transfer activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables cholesterol transfer activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
enables enzyme binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables heat shock protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables high-density lipoprotein particle binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables high-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables phospholipid binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables phospholipid binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables receptor ligand activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables signaling receptor binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
NOT involved_in ERK1 and ERK2 cascade IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in acylglycerol homeostasis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in adrenal gland development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in blood vessel endothelial cell migration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cellular response to lipoprotein particle stimulus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cholesterol biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cholesterol efflux IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in cholesterol efflux IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cholesterol efflux IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cholesterol homeostasis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cholesterol homeostasis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cholesterol import IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cholesterol metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in cholesterol metabolic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within cholesterol transport IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in endothelial cell proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in glucocorticoid metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in high-density lipoprotein particle assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in high-density lipoprotein particle clearance IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
PubMed 
involved_in high-density lipoprotein particle remodeling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in integrin-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in lipid storage IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in lipoprotein biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative chemotaxis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cell adhesion molecule production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta production IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of response to cytokine stimulus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of very-low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in peptidyl-methionine modification IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in phospholipid efflux IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in phospholipid efflux IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in phospholipid homeostasis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cholesterol efflux IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of hydrolase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of phagocytosis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of phospholipid efflux IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of stress fiber assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in protein oxidation IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in protein stabilization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of Cdc42 protein signal transduction IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in reverse cholesterol transport IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
NOT involved_in transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in triglyceride homeostasis IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in vitamin transport IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in blood microparticle HDA PubMed 
part_of chylomicron IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix HDA PubMed 
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in early endosome TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in endocytic vesicle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in endocytic vesicle lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in endoplasmic reticulum lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular region HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in extracellular space HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in extracellular space ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
PubMed 
located_in extracellular vesicle HDA PubMed 
is_active_in extracellular vesicle IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
part_of high-density lipoprotein particle IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
part_of high-density lipoprotein particle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
part_of high-density lipoprotein particle TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
part_of low-density lipoprotein particle IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in secretory granule lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
part_of spherical high-density lipoprotein particle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
part_of very-low-density lipoprotein particle IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
part_of very-low-density lipoprotein particle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 

General protein information

Preferred Names
apolipoprotein A-I
Names
apo-AI
epididymis secretory sperm binding protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_012021.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5001..6870
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_767

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000039.3NP_000030.1  apolipoprotein A-I isoform 1 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000030.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform. Variants 1-3 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    X02162
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8378.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K866, P02647, Q6LDN9, Q6Q785, Q9UCS8, Q9UCT8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3E3
    Related
    ENSP00000236850.3, ENST00000236850.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01442
    Location:74258
    Apolipoprotein; Apolipoprotein A1/A4/E domain
  2. NM_001318017.2NP_001304946.1  apolipoprotein A-I isoform 1 preproprotein

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-3 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL557908, AP006216, X02162
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8378.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K866, P02647, Q6LDN9, Q6Q785, Q9UCS8, Q9UCT8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3E3
    Related
    ENSP00000364469.1, ENST00000375320.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01442
    Location:74258
    Apolipoprotein; Apolipoprotein A1/A4/E domain
  3. NM_001318018.2NP_001304947.1  apolipoprotein A-I isoform 1 preproprotein

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-3 encode the same isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AL531353, AP006216, T68127, X02162
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8378.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K866, P02647, Q6LDN9, Q6Q785, Q9UCS8, Q9UCT8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3E3
    Related
    ENSP00000352471.2, ENST00000359492.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01442
    Location:74258
    Apolipoprotein; Apolipoprotein A1/A4/E domain
  4. NM_001318021.2NP_001304950.1  apolipoprotein A-I isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and uses a downstream translation start site compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a shorter N-terminus and lacks a predicted signal peptide compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AP006216
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P02647
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam01442
    Location:1133
    Apolipoprotein; Apolipoprotein A1/A4/E domain
  5. NM_001425090.1NP_001412019.1  apolipoprotein A-I isoform 1 preproprotein

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP006216
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8K866, P02647, Q6LDN9, Q6Q785, Q9UCS8, Q9UCT8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A024R3E3
    Related
    ENSP00000364472.1, ENST00000375323.5
  6. NM_001425091.1NP_001412020.1  apolipoprotein A-I isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP006216
  7. NM_001425092.1NP_001412021.1  apolipoprotein A-I isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP006216
  8. NM_001425093.1NP_001412022.1  apolipoprotein A-I isoform 3 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AP006216

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    116835751..116837622 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    116850858..116852729 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)