U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

GSTZ1 glutathione S-transferase zeta 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2954, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
GSTZ1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
glutathione S-transferase zeta 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4643
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000100577 MIM:603758; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4643
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MAI; MAAI; MAAID; GSTZ1-1
Summary
This gene is a member of the glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) super-family which encodes multifunctional enzymes important in the detoxification of electrophilic molecules, including carcinogens, mutagens, and several therapeutic drugs, by conjugation with glutathione. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of maleylacetoacetate to fumarylacetoacatate, which is one of the steps in the phenylalanine/tyrosine degradation pathway. Deficiency of a similar gene in mouse causes oxidative stress. Several transcript variants of this gene encode multiple protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]
Expression
Broad expression in liver (RPKM 23.8), testis (RPKM 10.9) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

See GSTZ1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
14q24.3
Exon count:
12
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (77321036..77331597)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (71530399..71540959)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (77787379..77797940)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene microRNA 1260a Neighboring gene neuroglobin Neighboring gene protein O-mannosyltransferase 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5968 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:77769341-77769842 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:77769843-77770342 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 2495 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5969 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5970 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:77787600-77788461 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr14:77795945-77797144 Neighboring gene transmembrane p24 trafficking protein family member 8 Neighboring gene ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (JR blood group) pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5971 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5972 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8800 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:77846838-77847018 Neighboring gene sterile alpha motif domain containing 15 Neighboring gene HNF1 motif-containing MPRA enhancer 277

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

HIV-1 interactions

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of glutathione transferase zeta 1 (GSTZ1) by siRNA enhances the early stages of HIV-1 replication in HeLa-CD4 cells infected with viral pseudotypes HIV89.6R and HIV8.2N PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • MGC2029

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables glutathione peroxidase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables glutathione transferase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables glutathione transferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein homodimerization activity IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in L-phenylalanine catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in L-phenylalanine catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cellular detoxification IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in glutathione metabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in glutathione metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in tyrosine catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in mitochondrial matrix TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
is_active_in mitochondrion IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in mitochondrion ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
maleylacetoacetate isomerase
Names
S-(hydroxyalkyl)glutathione lyase
glutathione S-alkyltransferase
glutathione S-aralkyltransferase
glutathione S-aryltransferase
glutathione transferase zeta 1
maleylacetone isomerase
NP_001299589.1
NP_001350632.1
NP_665877.1
NP_665878.2
XP_011534973.1
XP_024305319.1
XP_024305320.1
XP_054231880.1
XP_054231881.1
XP_054231882.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001312660.2NP_001299589.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and initiates translation at a downstream start codon, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3, which lacks a portion of the N-terminus (aa 1-55), and is shorter than isoform 1. This isoform lacks the glutathione-binding site, and hence, is unlikely to retain enzyme activity.
    Source sequence(s)
    AJ001838, AK315154, BC001453
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9860.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O43708
    Related
    ENSP00000354959.4, ENST00000361389.8
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl25459
    Location:1156
    GstA; Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
  2. NM_001363703.2NP_001350632.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC007954
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS86416.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NED0, A6NNB8, A8MWD7, B2RCK3, O15308, O43708, O75430, Q6IB17, Q7Z610, Q9BV63
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RDN1, G3V4T6
    Related
    ENSP00000451976.1, ENST00000553586.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    TIGR01262
    Location:8212
    maiA; maleylacetoacetate isomerase
  3. NM_145870.3NP_665877.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_665877.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AJ001838, BC001453
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9858.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NED0, A6NNB8, A8MWD7, B2RCK3, O15308, O43708, O75430, Q6IB17, Q7Z610, Q9BV63
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0C4DFM0, B2RDN1
    Related
    ENSP00000216465.5, ENST00000216465.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    TIGR01262
    Location:7211
    maiA; maleylacetoacetate isomerase
  4. NM_145871.3NP_665878.2  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_665878.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AJ001838, BC001453
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9859.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A0A0MR33, G3V5T0
    Related
    ENSP00000314404.5, ENST00000349555.7
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd03191
    Location:73165
    GST_C_Zeta; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Zeta Glutathione S-transferases
    cd03042
    Location:672
    GST_N_Zeta; GST_N family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, ...
    TIGR01262
    Location:7169
    maiA; maleylacetoacetate isomerase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    77321036..77331597
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_024449551.2XP_024305319.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X2

    Related
    ENSP00000377335.1, ENST00000393734.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl25459
    Location:1156
    GstA; Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
  2. XM_024449552.2XP_024305320.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl25459
    Location:1156
    GstA; Glutathione S-transferase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones]
  3. XM_011536671.3XP_011534973.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B2RDN1
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd03191
    Location:74166
    GST_C_Zeta; C-terminal, alpha helical domain of Class Zeta Glutathione S-transferases
    cd03042
    Location:773
    GST_N_Zeta; GST_N family, Class Zeta subfamily; GSTs are cytosolic dimeric proteins involved in cellular detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) with a wide range of endogenous and xenobiotic alkylating agents, including carcinogens, ...
    TIGR01262
    Location:8170
    maiA; maleylacetoacetate isomerase

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    71530399..71540959
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054375906.1XP_054231881.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X2

  2. XM_054375907.1XP_054231882.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X2

  3. XM_054375905.1XP_054231880.1  maleylacetoacetate isomerase isoform X1

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_001513.3: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_001513.3: This RefSeq was removed because currently there is no support for the transcript.