U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

GRP gastrin releasing peptide [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2922, updated on 10-Dec-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
GRPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
gastrin releasing peptideprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4605
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000134443 MIM:137260; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4605
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
BN; GRP-10; proGRP; preproGRP
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the bombesin-like family of gastrin-releasing peptides. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate two peptides, gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin-C. These peptides regulate numerous functions of the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, including release of gastrointestinal hormones, smooth muscle cell contraction, and epithelial cell proliferation. These peptides are also likely to play a role in human cancers of the lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, breast, and prostate. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Expression
Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
Orthologs
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

See GRP in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
18q21.32
Exon count:
5
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 18 NC_000018.10 (59219189..59230771)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 18 NC_060942.1 (59420451..59432025)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 18 NC_000018.9 (56887390..56898003)

Chromosome 18 - NC_000018.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9491 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13410 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13411 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13412 Neighboring gene SEC11 homolog C, signal peptidase complex subunit Neighboring gene signal recognition particle 19kDa pseudogene Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr18:56855703-56856902 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr18:56886610-56887224 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3170 silencer Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr18:56936011-56936521 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9492 Neighboring gene retina and anterior neural fold homeobox Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9493 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9494 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9495 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 1890 Neighboring gene complexin 4

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables neuropeptide hormone activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables neuropeptide hormone activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables signaling receptor binding NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cellular response to sodium phosphate IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in mast cell degranulation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in ossification IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of behavioral fear response ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in psychomotor behavior IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in regulation of gene expression IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to external biotic stimulus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in signal transduction NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in social behavior IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in extracellular space IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in neuron projection ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
located_in neuronal dense core vesicle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in secretory granule lumen ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
gastrin-releasing peptide
Names
bombesin
neuromedin C
pre-progastrin releasing peptide
prepro-GRP
testicular tissue protein Li 103

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001012512.3NP_001012530.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform 2 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a shorter protein (isoform 2). This variant has also been identified as "splice isoform 3" and "pro-gastrin releasing peptide type 2". The encoded isoform (2) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA989236, AC067859, BC004488, W01859
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS45877.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A140VJM7, Q5FBX9
    Related
    ENSP00000389696.2, ENST00000420468.6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam02044
    Location:4154
    Bombesin; Bombesin-like peptide
  2. NM_001012513.3NP_001012531.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform 3 preproprotein

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate splice site in the coding region, which results in a frameshift and an early stop codon, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 3 which has a shorter and distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This variant has also been identified as "splice isoform 2", "pro-gastrin releasing peptide type 3", and "gastrin-releasing peptide nirs variant 1".
    Source sequence(s)
    AC067859, BC004488, CK903483
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS45878.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5FBX9
    Related
    ENSP00000434101.1, ENST00000529320.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam02044
    Location:4154
    Bombesin; Bombesin-like peptide
  3. NM_002091.5NP_002082.2  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform 1 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002082.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longest transcript and encodes the longest isoform (1). This variant has also been identified as "pro-gastrin releasing peptide type 1".
    Source sequence(s)
    AC067859, BC004488
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS11971.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P07491, P07492, P81553, Q14454, Q53YA0, Q9BSY7
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5FBX9
    Related
    ENSP00000256857.2, ENST00000256857.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam02044
    Location:4154
    Bombesin; Bombesin-like peptide

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000018.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    59219189..59230771
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011525933.3XP_011524235.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform X3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011524235.1

  2. XM_017025712.2XP_016881201.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5FBX9
  3. XM_017025713.2XP_016881202.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5FBX9
  4. XM_017025714.2XP_016881203.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform X4

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060942.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    59420451..59432025
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054318547.1XP_054174522.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform X3

  2. XM_054318545.1XP_054174520.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5FBX9
  3. XM_054318546.1XP_054174521.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q5FBX9
  4. XM_054318548.1XP_054174523.1  gastrin-releasing peptide isoform X4