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GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2879, updated on 9-Dec-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
GPX4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
glutathione peroxidase 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4556
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000167468 MIM:138322; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4556
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
MCSP; SMDS; GPx-4; PHGPx; snGPx; GSHPx-4; snPHGPx
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family, members of which catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxides and lipid hydroperoxides, and thereby protect cells against oxidative damage. Several isozymes of this gene family exist in vertebrates, which vary in cellular location and substrate specificity. This isozyme has a high preference for lipid hydroperoxides and protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. It is also required for normal sperm development; thus, it has been identified as a 'moonlighting' protein because of its ability to serve dual functions as a peroxidase, as well as a structural protein in mature spermatozoa. Mutations in this gene are associated with Sedaghatian type of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia (SMDS). This isozyme is also a selenoprotein, containing the rare amino acid selenocysteine (Sec) at its active site. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. Transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing or use of alternate promoters have been described to encode isoforms with different subcellular localization. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2018]
Expression
Broad expression in fat (RPKM 347.9), testis (RPKM 229.8) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See GPX4 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
19p13.3
Exon count:
8
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 19 NC_000019.10 (1103994..1106779)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 19 NC_060943.1 (1068660..1071445)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 19 NC_000019.9 (1103993..1106778)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000019.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1041153-1041950 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9654 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9655 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:1051115-1051279 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3219 silencer Neighboring gene ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 7 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1056183-1056682 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1061566-1062329 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1063170-1064022 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9656 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1066609-1067115 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9658 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9659 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13580 Neighboring gene Rho GTPase activating protein 45 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9660 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9661 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10458 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13581 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9662 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1081390-1082265 Neighboring gene Neanderthal introgressed variant-containing enhancer experimental_50734 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1085889-1086388 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13582 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1094025-1094560 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13583 Neighboring gene RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit E Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13584 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13585 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr19:1100293-1100430 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1101543-1102077 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13586 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13587 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13588 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9664 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9665 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1106419-1107295 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1110839-1111758 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1111759-1112678 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1112679-1113598 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1116907-1117420 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1117421-1117933 Neighboring gene strawberry notch homolog 2 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1122338-1122841 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1131030-1131694 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1133023-1133686 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1133705-1134206 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1134207-1134706 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr19:1147791-1148629 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC102723798 Neighboring gene collagen alpha-1(VII) chain Neighboring gene SBNO2 intron CAGE-defined low expression enhancer Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9666 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 13590

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Sedaghatian type
MedGen: C1855229 OMIM: 250220 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog

HIV-1 interactions

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) by shRNA library screening inhibits HIV-1 replication in cultured Jurkat T-cells PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Tat tat HIV-1 Tat causes a greater than 50% decrease in intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), leading to the extracellular appearance of acidic FGF-1, an effect that is partially mediated through modulation of GSH biosynthetic enzymes PubMed
tat Expression of HIV-1 Tat in HeLa cells downregulates cytoplasmic glutathione peroxidase while upregulating phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, thereby deregulating intracellular oxidant/antioxidant balance and amplifying UV sensitivity PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables glutathione peroxidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables glutathione peroxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables glutathione peroxidase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
enables phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
enables phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables selenium binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in apoptotic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in arachidonate metabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cellular oxidant detoxification IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in cerebellum development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in chromatin organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in dendrite development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in lipoxygenase pathway IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
involved_in multicellular organism growth IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in negative regulation of ferroptosis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in phospholipid metabolic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in protein polymerization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in response to estradiol IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in response to oxidative stress ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
involved_in spermatogenesis ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in mitochondrion HTP PubMed 
is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in nuclear envelope IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in nucleus HDA PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
part_of protein-containing complex IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 

General protein information

Preferred Names
phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX4
Names
epididymis secretory sperm binding protein
phospholipid hydroperoxidase
phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial
selenoprotein GPX4
sperm nucleus glutathione peroxidase
NP_001034936.1
NP_001034937.1
NP_001354761.1
NP_002076.2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_050621.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5069..7854
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001039847.3NP_001034936.1  phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX4 isoform B precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate acceptor splice site in the 3' coding region, which causes a frame-shift, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (B) has a longer and a distinct C-terminus compared to isoform A.
    Source sequence(s)
    AL558552, BC039849
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    K7EJ20
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00340
    Location:40168
    GSH_Peroxidase; Glutathione (GSH) peroxidase family; tetrameric selenoenzymes that catalyze the reduction of a variety of hydroperoxides including lipid peroxidases, using GSH as a specific electron donor substrate. GSH peroxidase contains one selenocysteine residue per ...
  2. NM_001039848.4NP_001034937.1  phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX4 isoform C

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains an alternate 5' terminal exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (C) has a longer and a distinct N-terminus compared to isoform A. A similar isoform in rat (snGPx) has been reported to be localized in the sperm nucleus (PMID:11344099).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC021567, BF740029, BM764133
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    R4GNE4
    Related
    ENSP00000473614.3, ENST00000585362.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00340
    Location:77230
    GSH_Peroxidase; Glutathione (GSH) peroxidase family; tetrameric selenoenzymes that catalyze the reduction of a variety of hydroperoxides including lipid peroxidases, using GSH as a specific electron donor substrate. GSH peroxidase contains one selenocysteine residue per ...
  3. NM_001367832.1NP_001354761.1  phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX4 isoform D

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) uses an alternate promoter, which results in translation initiation from an in-frame downstream AUG start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (D) has a shorter N-terminus compared to isoform A. A similar isoform in rat (S-form) has been reported to be localized to the cytoplasm (PMID:9988735).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC039849
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS92476.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    K7ERP4
    Related
    ENSP00000483655.1, ENST00000611653.4
  4. NM_002085.5NP_002076.2  phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX4 isoform A precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002076.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant transcript and encodes the canonical isoform A. A similar isoform in rat (L-form) has been shown to be localized to the mitochondria (PMID:9988735).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC039849
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42457.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O43381, P36969, Q6PJ59, Q9UPK2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6PI42
    Related
    ENSP00000346103.7, ENST00000354171.13
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00340
    Location:40193
    GSH_Peroxidase; Glutathione (GSH) peroxidase family; tetrameric selenoenzymes that catalyze the reduction of a variety of hydroperoxides including lipid peroxidases, using GSH as a specific electron donor substrate. GSH peroxidase contains one selenocysteine residue per ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000019.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    1103994..1106779
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060943.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    1068660..1071445
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)