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GM2A ganglioside GM2 activator [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 2760, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
GM2Aprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
ganglioside GM2 activatorprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:4367
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000196743 MIM:613109; AllianceGenome:HGNC:4367
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GM2AP; SAP-3; GM2-AP
Summary
This gene encodes a small glycolipid transport protein which acts as a substrate specific co-factor for the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase A. Beta-hexosaminidase A, together with GM2 ganglioside activator, catalyzes the degradation of the ganglioside GM2, and other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines. Mutations in this gene result in GM2-gangliosidosis type AB or the AB variant of Tay-Sachs disease. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in skin (RPKM 39.8), placenta (RPKM 38.5) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See GM2A in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
5q33.1
Exon count:
4
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 5 NC_000005.10 (151253185..151270440)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 5 NC_060929.1 (151792130..151809386)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 5 NC_000005.9 (150632746..150650001)

Chromosome 5 - NC_000005.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene coiled-coil domain containing 69 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378230 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23447 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23448 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23449 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23450 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23451 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23452 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23453 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23454 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16521 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 974 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9347 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16522 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124901115 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 16523 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23455 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 36 member 3 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 23456 Neighboring gene ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit G1 pseudogene 5 Neighboring gene solute carrier family 36 member 2

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

HIV-1 interactions

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of GM2 ganglioside activator (GM2A) by siRNA enhances HIV-1 replication in HeLa P4/R5 cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables lipid transporter activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables phospholipase activator activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables sphingolipid activator protein activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in ganglioside catabolic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in glycosphingolipid catabolic process TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
involved_in learning or memory IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in lipid storage IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in lipid transport IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in maintenance of location in cell IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in neuromuscular process controlling balance IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in oligosaccharide catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in apical plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in azurophil granule lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in basolateral plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
is_active_in cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 
located_in lysosomal lumen TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
ganglioside GM2 activator
Names
GM2 ganglioside activator
GM2-activator protein
cerebroside sulfate activator protein
shingolipid activator protein 3
sphingolipid activator protein 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_009059.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5134..22389
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_000405.5NP_000396.2  ganglioside GM2 activator isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000396.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008385, BM834780, X61095
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS4313.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B2R699, D3DQH6, P17900, Q14426, Q14428, Q6LBL5
    Related
    ENSP00000349687.3, ENST00000357164.4
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00258
    Location:32193
    GM2-AP; GM2 activator protein (GM2-AP) is a non-enzymatic lysosomal protein that acts as cofactor in the sequential degradation of gangliosides. GM2A is an essential cofactor for beta-hexosaminidase A (Hex A) in the enzymatic hydrolysis of GM2 ganglioside to GM3. ...
  2. NM_001167607.3NP_001161079.1  ganglioside GM2 activator isoform 2 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. This results in a shorter protein (isoform 2), compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC008385
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B4DQM5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl00274
    Location:32140
    ML; The ML (MD-2-related lipid-recognition) domain is present in MD-1, MD-2, GM2 activator protein, Niemann-Pick type C2 (Npc2) protein, phosphatidylinositol/phosphatidylglycerol transfer protein (PG/PI-TP), mite allergen Der p 2 and several proteins of ...

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000005.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    151253185..151270440
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060929.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    151792130..151809386
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)