CRY1 cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CRY1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: cryptochrome circadian regulator 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:2384
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000008405 MIM:601933
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: DSPD; PHLL1
Summary: This gene encodes a flavin adenine dinucleotide-binding protein that is a key component of the circadian core oscillator complex, which regulates the circadian clock. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with altered sleep patterns. The encoded protein is widely conserved across plants and animals. Loss of the related gene in mouse results in a shortened circadian cycle in complete darkness. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression: Broad expression in testis (RPKM 23.5), thyroid (RPKM 10.6) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 12q23.3

Exon count:: 14

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109.20210226	current	GRCh38.p13 (GCF_000001405.39)	12	NC_000012.12 (106991364..107093872, complement)
105.20201022	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	12	NC_000012.11 (107385142..107487327, complement)

Chromosome 12 - NC_000012.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Human CRY1 variants associate with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Title: Human CRY1 variants associate with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
The circadian cryptochrome, CRY1, is a pro-tumorigenic factor that rhythmically modulates DNA repair.
Title: The circadian cryptochrome, CRY1, is a pro-tumorigenic factor that rhythmically modulates DNA repair.
The human CRY1 tail controls circadian timing by regulating its association with CLOCK:BMAL1.
Title: The human CRY1 tail controls circadian timing by regulating its association with CLOCK:BMAL1.
The Universally Conserved Residues Are Not Universally Required for Stable Protein Expression or Functions of Cryptochromes.
Title: The Universally Conserved Residues Are Not Universally Required for Stable Protein Expression or Functions of Cryptochromes.
CRY1 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells in an AKT and ERK-dependent manner.
Title: Cryptochrome 1 Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation via the AKT Kinase and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathways.
this study identified two distinct light chain 3 (LC3)-interacting region (LIR) motifs on CRY1 that exert circadian glycemic control by regulating CRY1 degradation, revealing LIRs as potential targets for controlling hyperglycemia.
Title: Autophagy Regulates the Liver Clock and Glucose Metabolism by Degrading CRY1.
In colorectal cancer, higher expression of cry1 in the right-sided colon tumor tissue was associated with worse survival in women and the expression of cry1 in the left-sided colorectum was significantly higher in the adjacent tissue compared to tumor in men but not in women
Title: The expression of clock genes cry1 and cry2 in human colorectal cancer and tumor adjacent tissues correlates differently dependent on tumor location.
Neuroglobin correlates with cryptochrome-1 in obstructive sleep apnea with primary aldosteronism
Title: Neuroglobin correlates with cryptochrome-1 in obstructive sleep apnea with primary aldosteronism.
CRY-1 was expressed in 94% of the CLL patients at diagnosis. The median CRY-1 relative gene expression level (0.006) stratified patients into high and low expression groups. Forty of 100 (40%) CLL patients showed high CRY-1, 54/100 (54%) showed low CRY-1, and 6/100 (6%) had undetectable CRY-1 gene expression.
Title: <i>Cryptochrome</i>-1 Gene Expression is a Reliable Prognostic Indicator in Egyptian Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Prospective Cohort Study
Independent silencing of CRY1 and CRY2 genes in HAC15 cells resulted in a mild upregulation of HSD3B2 without affecting HSD3B1 expression. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that CRY1 and CRY2, being AngII-regulated genes, and showing a differential expression in APAs when compared with the adjacent adrenal cortex, might be involved in adrenal cell function, and in the regulation of aldosterone production
Title: Role of Cryptochrome-1 and Cryptochrome-2 in Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas and Adrenocortical Cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (56)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Sleep-wake schedule disorder, delayed phase type MedGen: C0393770 OMIM: 614163 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH79737 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:87879

RH93858 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:85601

AB074458 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:480113

CRY1_1267 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:277130

G54218 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:109485

Homology

Homologs of the CRY1 gene: The CRY1 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, mosquito, and frog.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 351 organisms have orthologs with human gene CRY1
Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
NOT DNA (6-4) photolyase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
DNA binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
E-box binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
FAD binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
blue light photoreceptor activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
NOT deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
double-stranded DNA binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
histone deacetylase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
nuclear hormone receptor binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
phosphatase binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein kinase binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
blue light signaling pathway	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
circadian regulation of gene expression	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
circadian regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
circadian rhythm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
gluconeogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
glucose homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
lipid storage	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of circadian rhythm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of glucocorticoid secretion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of protein ubiquitination	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
positive regulation of protein ubiquitination	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
protein-chromophore linkage	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
regulation of DNA damage checkpoint	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of circadian rhythm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to glucagon	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to insulin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to light stimulus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
mitochondrion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: cryptochrome-1

Names: cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like); cryptochrome circadian clock 1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_004075.5 → NP_004066.1 cryptochrome-1

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_004066.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AK290552, BC017466, BJ993835, DB454192

Consensus CDS

CCDS9112.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q16526

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A2I2P0

Related

ENSP00000008527.5, ENST00000008527.10

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG0415
Location:6 → 491

PhrB; Deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase [Replication, recombination and repair]

pfam03441
Location:288 → 486

FAD_binding_7; FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Updated Annotation Release 109.20210226

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

Genomic

NC_000012.12 Reference GRCh38.p13 Primary Assembly

Range

106991364..107093872 complement

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

XM_024448845.1 → XP_024304613.1 cryptochrome-1 isoform X2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam03441
Location:260 → 458

FAD_binding_7; FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase

cl27275
Location:24 → 463

DNA_photolyase; DNA photolyase
XM_024448844.1 → XP_024304612.1 cryptochrome-1 isoform X1

Conserved Domains (2) summary

COG0415
Location:6 → 491

PhrB; Deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase [Replication, recombination and repair]

pfam03441
Location:288 → 486

FAD_binding_7; FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase
XM_017018832.2 → XP_016874321.1 cryptochrome-1 isoform X3

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam00875
Location:21 → 125

DNA_photolyase; DNA photolyase

pfam03441
Location:185 → 458

FAD_binding_7; FAD binding domain of DNA photolyase