U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination
    • Showing Current items.

    ACTC1 actin alpha cardiac muscle 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 70, updated on 10-Dec-2024

    Summary

    Official Symbol
    ACTC1provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    actin alpha cardiac muscle 1provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:143
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000159251 MIM:102540; AllianceGenome:HGNC:143
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    ACTC; ASD5; CMD1R; CMH11; LVNC4
    Summary
    Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility. Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to four others. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the actin family which is comprised of three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. Defects in this gene have been associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
    Expression
    Restricted expression toward heart (RPKM 1532.4) See more
    Orthologs
    NEW
    Try the new Gene table
    Try the new Transcript table

    Genomic context

    See ACTC1 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    15q14
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 15 NC_000015.10 (34790230..34795549, complement)
    RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 15 NC_060939.1 (32595427..32600746, complement)
    RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 15 NC_000015.9 (35082431..35087750, complement)

    Chromosome 15 - NC_000015.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr15:35013869-35014370 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903463 Neighboring gene GJD2 divergent transcript Neighboring gene gap junction protein delta 2 Neighboring gene heart enhancer 26 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984776 Neighboring gene tubulin alpha pseudogene 11

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

    Expression

    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?

    Phenotypes

    Professional guidelines

    Description
    Professional guideline
    ACMG 2013

    The ACMG recommends that laboratories performing clinical sequencing seek and report mutations in ACTC1 that are pathogenic or expected to be pathogenic.

    GuidelinePubMed

    Copy number response

    Description
    Copy number response
    Triplosensitivity

    No evidence available (Last evaluated 2024-09-10)

    ClinGen Genome Curation Page
    Haploinsufficency

    Little evidence for dosage pathogenicity (Last evaluated 2024-09-10)

    ClinGen Genome Curation PagePubMed

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for refractive errors and myopia at 15q14.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    A genome-wide search for loci interacting with known prostate cancer risk-associated genetic variants.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Nine loci for ocular axial length identified through genome-wide association studies, including shared loci with refractive error.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    HIV-1 interactions

    Replication interactions

    Interaction Pubs
    Knockdown of actin, alpha, cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1) by siRNA enhances the early stages of HIV-1 replication in HeLa-CD4 cells infected with viral pseudotypes HIV89.6R and HIV8.2N PubMed

    Protein interactions

    Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120 env Gelsolin overexpression impairs HIV-1 gp120-induced cortical F-actin reorganization and capping and gp120-mediated CD4-CCR5 and CD4-CXCR4 redistribution in permissive lymphocytes PubMed
    env The N-terminal leucine-rich repeat fragment of Slit2 inhibits HIV-1 gp120-induced actin polymerization in T cells PubMed
    env HIV-1 gp120-CXCR4 signaling triggers cofilin activation and actin reorganization, which are important for a post entry process leading to viral nuclear localization PubMed
    env Syntenin-1 is recruited toward HIV-1 gp120/gp41-driven virus/cell and cell/cell contacts, associates with CD4, limits HIV-1-induced cell fusion and viral entry, and modulates gp120/gp41-triggered actin polymerization and PIP2 accumulation PubMed
    env Inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) affects viral entry and gp120-induced actin reorganization PubMed
    Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor env Treatment of cells with actin-depolymerizing agents or tubulin polymerization inhibitors largely reduces the percentage of cells with capped HIV-1 Gag and Env, indicating an intact actin and tubulin cytoskeleton is required for efficient assembly of HIV-1 PubMed
    Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env Syntenin-1 is recruited toward HIV-1 gp120/gp41-driven virus/cell and cell/cell contacts, associates with CD4, limits HIV-1-induced cell fusion and viral entry, and modulates gp120/gp41-triggered actin polymerization and PIP2 accumulation PubMed
    env The interaction of the long cytoplasmic tail of HIV-1 gp41 with the carboxy-terminal regulatory domain of p115-RhoGEF inhibits p115-mediated actin stress fiber formation and activation of serum response factor (SRF) PubMed
    Nef nef HIV-1 Nef inhibits CXCL12 induced chemotaxis in Jurkat cells, monocytes, and PBMCs, which leads to marked downregulation of F-actin accumulation in cells PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef induces loss of F-actin assembly and inhibits retinoid receptor-mediated transcription PubMed
    nef HIV-1 Nef requires a PAK2 recruitment motif (F195/191I) for inhibition of actin remodeling and induction of cofilin hyperphosphorylation PubMed
    Pr55(Gag) gag Tec kinase chemical inhibitors diminish the recruitment of ITK to the plasma membrane perturbing HIV-1 Gag-ITK co-localization, disrupting F-actin polymerization, and inhibiting HIV-1 release and replication PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Gag, ITK, and F-actin are located in overlapping and discrete regions of T cell-T cell contact sites PubMed
    gag Treatment of cells with actin-depolymerizing agents or tubulin polymerization inhibitors largely reduces the percentage of cells with capped HIV-1 Gag and Env, indicating an intact actin and tubulin cytoskeleton is required for efficient assembly of HIV-1 PubMed
    gag HIV-1 Gag assembly and budding occur through an actin-driven mechanism PubMed
    Tat tat Treatment with cannabinoids inhibits HIV-1 Tat-enhanced attachment of U937 cells to collagen IV, laminin, or ECM1 proteins, which is linked to the cannabinoid receptor type 2 and the modulation of beta1-integrin and actin distribution PubMed
    tat Treatment of primary hippocampal neurons with HIV-1 Tat produces a significant early reduction in F-actin labeled puncta. The cysteine rich domain (residues 22-37) of Tat is required for Tat-mediated reduction of F-actin labeled puncta PubMed
    tat Uptake of the HIV-1 Tat protein is regulated by arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton in epithelial cells PubMed
    tat In Jurkat cells expressing HIV-1 Tat, decreased expression levels are found for basic cytoskeletal proteins such as actin, beta-tubulin, annexin, cofilin, gelsolin, and Rac/Rho-GDI complex PubMed
    tat HIV-1 Tat induces actin cytoskeletal rearrangements through p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) and downstream activation of the endothelial NADPH oxidase, an effect that is lost by introduction of mutations into the Tat cysteine-rich or basic domains PubMed
    matrix gag The localization of the HIV-1 reverse transcription complex to actin microfilaments is mediated by the interaction of a reverse transcription complex component (HIV-1 Matrix) with actin, but not vimentin (intermediate filaments) or tubulin (microtubules) PubMed
    nucleocapsid gag HIV-1 NC-like aggregates are associated with dsDNA synthesis by HIV-1 RT and appear to efficiently bind to F-actin filaments, a property that may be involved in targeting complexes to the nuclear envelope PubMed
    gag Mature HIV-1 Nucleocapsid, as well as the nucleocapsid domain of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein, binds filamentous actin resulting in incorporation of actin into virus particles and enhancement of cell motility PubMed
    retropepsin gag-pol Actin, one of the most abundant proteins of the cell, is hydrolyzed by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease during acute infection of cultured human T lymphocytes PubMed
    gag-pol HIV-1 protease cleaves actin in vitro at amino acid residues 66-67, 94-95, and 126-127 PubMed
    reverse transcriptase gag-pol HIV-1 NC-like aggregates are associated with dsDNA synthesis by HIV-1 RT and appear to efficiently bind to F-actin filaments, a property that may be involved in targeting complexes to the nuclear envelope PubMed
    gag-pol The localization of the HIV-1 reverse transcription complex to actin microfilaments is mediated by the interaction of a reverse transcription complex component (HIV-1 Matrix) with actin, but not vimentin (intermediate filaments) or tubulin (microtubules) PubMed

    Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

    Pathways from PubChem

    Interactions

    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

    Markers

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables hydrolase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    enables microfilament motor activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables myosin binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    enables myosin binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables myosin binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in actin filament organization IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in actin filament-based movement IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in actin-myosin filament sliding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in actin-myosin filament sliding IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in actomyosin structure organization ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in cardiac myofibril assembly ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in heart contraction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    involved_in heart contraction IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    PubMed 
    involved_in mesenchyme migration ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    involved_in positive regulation of gene expression ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    involved_in skeletal muscle thin filament assembly ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in I band ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    is_active_in actin cytoskeleton IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    is_active_in actin filament IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in actin filament IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in blood microparticle HDA PubMed 
    located_in cell body ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 
    located_in cytosol TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
     
    located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
    located_in extracellular space HDA PubMed 
    located_in filopodium ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in focal adhesion HDA PubMed 
    located_in glutamatergic synapse IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
     
    located_in lamellipodium ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
     
    located_in membrane HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in sarcomere IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
     
    located_in sarcomere IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    PubMed 

    General protein information

    Preferred Names
    actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

    NEW Try the new Transcript table

    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_007553.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..12631
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_388

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001406482.1NP_001393411.1  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC087457
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P04270, P68032
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K3K1
    2. NM_001406483.1NP_001393412.1  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 isoform 1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC087457
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P04270, P68032
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K3K1
      Related
      ENSP00000518905.1, ENST00000713610.1
    3. NM_001406484.1NP_001393413.1  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 isoform 2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC087457
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K3K1
      Related
      ENST00000650163.1
    4. NM_001406485.1NP_001393414.1  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC087457
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      V9HVZ7
      Related
      ENST00000647798.1
    5. NM_005159.5NP_005150.1  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005150.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      BC009978
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS10041.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P04270, P68032
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K3K1
      Related
      ENSP00000290378.4, ENST00000290378.6
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      PTZ00281
      Location:4377
      PTZ00281; actin; Provisional

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000015.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      34790230..34795549 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_047432979.1XP_047288935.1  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P04270, P68032
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K3K1

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060939.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      32595427..32600746 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)