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    TINF2 TERF1 interacting nuclear factor 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 26277, updated on 5-Aug-2022

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    TINF2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    TERF1 interacting nuclear factor 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:11824
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000092330 MIM:604319; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11824
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    TIN2; DKCA3
    Summary
    This gene encodes one of the proteins of the shelterin, or telosome, complex which protects telomeres by allowing the cell to distinguish between telomeres and regions of DNA damage. The protein encoded by this gene is a critical part of shelterin; it interacts with the three DNA-binding proteins of the shelterin complex, and it is important for assembly of the complex. Mutations in this gene cause dyskeratosis congenita (DKC), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in lymph node (RPKM 21.4), adrenal (RPKM 21.1) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See TINF2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    14q12
    Exon count:
    6
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    110 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (24239640..24242674, complement)
    110 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (18438013..18441046, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (24708846..24711880, complement)

    Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene NEDD8-MDP1 readthrough Neighboring gene NEDD8 ubiquitin like modifier Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 3923 Neighboring gene guanosine monophosphate reductase 2 Neighboring gene transglutaminase 1 Neighboring gene TGM1 promoter region Neighboring gene Rab geranylgeranyltransferase subunit alpha Neighboring gene NOP9 nucleolar protein

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. TINF2 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that limits telomere length. Schmutz I, et al. Elife, 2020 Dec 1. PMID 33258446, Free PMC Article
    2. A Truncating Germline Mutation of TINF2 in Individuals with Thyroid Cancer or Melanoma Results in Longer Telomeres. He H, et al. Thyroid, 2020 Feb. PMID 31928178, Free PMC Article
    3. A novel spliced variant of the TIN2 shelterin is present in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ishdorj G, et al. Leuk Res, 2017 Aug. PMID 28575699
    4. Retinal findings and a novel TINF2 mutation in Revesz syndrome: Clinical and molecular correlations with pediatric retinal vasculopathies. Gupta MP, et al. Ophthalmic Genet, 2017 Jan-Feb. PMID 28095086
    5. Robust DNA Damage Response and Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species in TINF2-Mutated Dyskeratosis Congenita Cells. Pereboeva L, et al. PLoS One, 2016. PMID 26859482, Free PMC Article

    See all (98) citations in PubMed

    See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Pulmonary fibrosis in dyskeratosis congenita: a case report with a PRISMA-compliant systematic review.
      Title: Pulmonary fibrosis in dyskeratosis congenita: a case report with a PRISMA-compliant systematic review.
    2. Structure, dynamics, and regulation of TRF1-TIN2-mediated trans- and cis-interactions on telomeric DNA.
      Title: Structure, dynamics, and regulation of TRF1-TIN2-mediated trans- and cis-interactions on telomeric DNA.
    3. A Truncating Germline Mutation of TINF2 in Individuals with Thyroid Cancer or Melanoma Results in Longer Telomeres.
      Title: A Truncating Germline Mutation of <i>TINF2</i> in Individuals with Thyroid Cancer or Melanoma Results in Longer Telomeres.
    4. TINF2 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that limits telomere length.
      Title: <i>TINF2</i> is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that limits telomere length.
    5. Acute depletion of telomerase components DKC1 and NOP10 induces oxidative stress and disrupts ribosomal biogenesis via NPM1 and activation of the P53 pathway.
      Title: Acute depletion of telomerase components DKC1 and NOP10 induces oxidative stress and disrupts ribosomal biogenesis via NPM1 and activation of the P53 pathway.
    6. Authors found that TPP1(ACD) upon binding to TIN2 induces changes that expand TIN2 binding capacity, such that TIN2 can accommodate both TRF1 and TRF2 simultaneously. Authors suggest a molecular model that explains why ACD is essential for the stable formation of TRF1-TIN2-TRF2 core complex.
      Title: Human Telomere Repeat Binding Factor TRF1 Replaces TRF2 Bound to Shelterin Core Hub TIN2 when TPP1 Is Absent.
    7. All of the TIN2 isoforms stimulated telomerase to similar extents. Mutations in the TPP1 TEL patch abrogated this stimulation, suggesting that TIN2 functions with TPP1/POT1 to stimulate telomerase processivity.
      Title: TIN2 Functions with TPP1/POT1 To Stimulate Telomerase Processivity.
    8. Loss of RNA-binding protein HuR facilitates cellular senescence through posttranscriptional regulation of TIN2 mRNA.
      Title: Loss of RNA-binding protein HuR facilitates cellular senescence through posttranscriptional regulation of TIN2 mRNA.
    9. In TRF1-TIN2-TRF2 complex, the peptide enhances the protein-protein interactions to yield a stable heterodimer
      Title: The structurally similar TRFH domain of TRF1 and TRF2 dimers shows distinct behaviour towards TIN2.
    10. The TIN2 plays an important role in maintaining the stable shelterin complex required for proper telomere end protection.
      Title: Structural and functional analyses of the mammalian TIN2-TPP1-TRF2 telomeric complex.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (45)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    NOT enables DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables telomeric DNA binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables telomeric DNA binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of protein ADP-ribosylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase IGI
    Inferred from Genetic Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of telomere maintenance IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in telomere assembly IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in telomere capping IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in telomere capping IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in telomere capping IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in telomere capping IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in chromosome, telomeric region HDA PubMed 
    located_in chromosome, telomeric region IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nuclear body IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		  
    located_in nuclear matrix IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    part_of nuclear telomere cap complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    located_in perinucleolar chromocenter IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of shelterin complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of shelterin complex IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of shelterin complex IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    part_of shelterin complex IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2
    Names
    TERF1 (TRF1)-interacting nuclear factor 2
    TRF1-interacting nuclear protein 2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    Genomic

    1. NG_016650.1 RefSeqGene

      Range
      5001..8035
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_342

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001099274.3 → NP_001092744.1  TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001092744.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1), also known as TIN2L.
      Source sequence(s)
      BC019343
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS41936.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9BSI4, Q9UHC2
      Related
      ENSP00000267415.7, ENST00000267415.12
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd11741
      Location:249 → 353
      TIN2_TBM; TRF-binding motif region of TRF-Interacting Nuclear factor 2
      pfam14973
      Location:20 → 166
      TINF2_N; TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 N-terminus

    2. NM_001363668.2 → NP_001350597.1  TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 isoform 3

      Status: REVIEWED

      Source sequence(s)
      AK294119, AL096870
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS86378.1
      Related
      ENSP00000494065.1, ENST00000646753.1
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd11741
      Location:214 → 318
      TIN2_TBM; TRF-binding motif region of TRF-Interacting Nuclear factor 2
      pfam14973
      Location:20 → 131
      TINF2_N; TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 N-terminus

    3. NM_012461.3 → NP_036593.2  TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_036593.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains additional segments at its 3' end, which results in an early stop codon and a unique 3' UTR, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2, also known as TIN2S, which has a shorter C-terminus when compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AK225379, AL096870, BM549897, DA053760
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS41937.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9BSI4
      Related
      ENSP00000382350.4, ENST00000399423.8
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd11741
      Location:249 → 353
      TIN2_TBM; TRF-binding motif region of TRF-Interacting Nuclear factor 2
      pfam14973
      Location:20 → 166
      TINF2_N; TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 N-terminus

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 110 details...Open this link in a new tab

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      24239640..24242674 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_011536642.3 → XP_011534944.1  TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 isoform X2

      Related
      ENSP00000514528.1, ENST00000699701.1
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam14973
      Location:20 → 166
      TINF2_N; TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 N-terminus

    2. XM_017021217.2 → XP_016876706.1  TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 isoform X1

    Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

    Genomic

    1. NW_018654722.1 Reference GRCh38.p14 PATCHES

      Range
      540618..543652 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      18438013..18441046 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9BSI4.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9BSI4

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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