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rpoH RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoH [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

Gene ID: 947970, updated on 26-Mar-2025

Summary

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Official Symbol
rpoH
Official Full Name
RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoH
Primary source
ECOCYC:EG10897
Locus tag
b3461
See related
ASAP:ABE-0011303
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
PROVISIONAL
Organism
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
Lineage
Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
Also known as
ECK3445; fam; hin; htpR
Summary
RpoH is phosphorylated at Tyr-260, in HTH DNA-binding region 4.2, attenuating activity. de-phosphorylated by Etp. rpoH can be deleted, but null mutants do not grow above 20C (Zhou, 1988). [More information is available at EcoGene: EG10897]. Sigma 32 is the primary sigma factor controlling the heat shock response during log-phase growth. [More information is available at EcoCyc: EG10897].
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Genomic context

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Sequence:
NC_000913.3 (3599929..3600783, complement)

NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene PanD maturation factor Neighboring gene branched chain amino acid/phenylalanine ABC transporter periplasmic binding protein Neighboring gene cell division protein FtsX Neighboring gene cell division protein FtsE Neighboring gene signal recognition particle receptor

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:
NC_000913.3

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Global transcriptome response of recombinant Escherichia coli to heat-shock and dual heat-shock recombinant protein induction. Harcum SW, et al. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol, 2006 Oct. PMID 16680459
  2. Sensitization of Escherichia coli cells to oxidative stress by deletion of the rpoH gene, which encodes the heat shock sigma factor. Kogoma T, et al. J Bacteriol, 1992 Jan. PMID 1729253, Free PMC Article
  3. Sigma 32 synthesis can regulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins in Escherichia coli. Grossman AD, et al. Genes Dev, 1987 Apr. PMID 3315848
  4. Differential inhibition of transcription from sigma70- and sigma32-dependent promoters by rifampicin. Wegrzyn A, et al. FEBS Lett, 1998 Nov 27. PMID 9862449
  5. A sigma54-dependent promoter in the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli rpoH gene. Janaszak A, et al. Microbiology (Reading), 2007 Jan. PMID 17185540

See all (145) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Escherichia coli small heat shock protein IbpA plays a role in regulating the heat shock response by controlling the translation of sigma[32].
    Title: Escherichia coli small heat shock protein IbpA plays a role in regulating the heat shock response by controlling the translation of σ(32).
  2. Data report that mistranslation in Escherichia coli increase the protein level of the heat shock sigma factor RpoH and protect cells against heat stress. Surprisingly, this increase in RpoH due to mistranslation is dependent on the presence of the general stress response sigma factor RpoS.
    Title: Increased mistranslation protects E. coli from protein misfolding stress due to activation of a RpoS-dependent heat shock response.
  3. The increased synthesis of sigma(32) is accompanied by stabilization of sigma(32), which is normally very unstable and rapidly degraded by the membrane-localized FtsH protease. It was recently found that sigma(32) must be localized to the inner membrane by the SRP-dependent pathway to work properly for regulation, but the roles played by membrane and other components of the cell remained unknown.
    Title: Regulation of the heat shock response in Escherichia coli: history and perspectives.
  4. BAH1, an E3 ligase from plant that has a similar zinc finger domain to DnaJ, can perform block the effect of DnaK on sigma(32) in Escherichia coli.
    Title: BAH1 an E3 Ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana Stabilizes Heat Shock Factor σ(32) of Escherichia coli by Interacting with DnaK/DnaJ Chaperone Team.
  5. Data indicate that the sigma factor 32 (sigma32)-Ffh (the protein subunit of signal recognition particle (SRP) interaction was significantly affected by mutations in this region that compromise the feedback regulation.
    Title: A Novel SRP Recognition Sequence in the Homeostatic Control Region of Heat Shock Transcription Factor σ32.
  6. The interaction of DnaK with DnaJ, GrpE, or sigma32 becomes weaker when DnaK is glutathionylated during oxidative stress, and the interaction is restored upon deglutathionylation.
    Title: Glutathionylation of the Bacterial Hsp70 Chaperone DnaK Provides a Link between Oxidative Stress and the Heat Shock Response.
  7. Data suggest that neither DnaK nor GroEL singly can modulate sigma32 stability in vivo; there is ordered network between them, where GroEL acts upstream of DnaK.
    Title: GroEL to DnaK chaperone network behind the stability modulation of σ(32) at physiological temperature in Escherichia coli.
  8. ThiS, an ubiquitin-like protein, is covalently attached to delta(32) and at least 27 other proteins, leading to their subsequent degradation by proteases, in a similar manner to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in eukaryotes.
    Title: Heat shock transcription factor δ³² is targeted for degradation via an ubiquitin-like protein ThiS in Escherichia coli.
  9. co-opts the signal recognition particle to regulate protein homeostasis
    Title: Heat shock transcription factor σ32 co-opts the signal recognition particle to regulate protein homeostasis in E. coli.
  10. DnaJ-promoted binding of DnaK to multiple sites on sigma32 in the presence of ATP.
    Title: DnaJ-promoted binding of DnaK to multiple sites on σ32 in the presence of ATP.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (24)

Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables sigma factor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables sigma factor activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables site-specific recombinase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA integration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in DNA recombination IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA-templated transcription ISM
Inferred from Sequence Model
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in DNA-templated transcription initiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in DNA-templated transcription initiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of DNA-templated transcription IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of gene expression IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to heat IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to heat IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to heat IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to heat NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
part_of invertasome IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoH

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

    Range
    3599929..3600783 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NP_417918.1 RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoH [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_417918.1

    Status: PROVISIONAL

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A5B9AGI9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PRK06596
    Location:1 → 284
    PRK06596; RNA polymerase factor sigma-32; Reviewed
Nucleotide Protein
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