relA GDP/GTP pyrophosphokinase [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655] - Gene

Summary

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Gene symbol: relA
Gene description: GDP/GTP pyrophosphokinase
Primary source: ASAP:ABE-0009125
Locus tag: b2784
See related: ECOCYC:EG10835
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
Lineage: Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
Also known as: ECK2778; RC
Summary: RelA has two physically and functionally distinct domains, the N-terminal domain, amino acids 1 to 455, is responsible for (p)ppGpp synthesis, and the C-terminal domain, amino acids 456 to 744, is responsible for self regulation. [More information is available at EcoGene: EG10835].
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Genomic context

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Sequence:: NC_000913.3 (2911417..2913651, complement)

NC_000913.3 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_000913.3

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

NirD curtails the stringent response by inhibiting RelA activity in Escherichia coli.
Title: NirD curtails the stringent response by inhibiting RelA activity in <i>Escherichia coli</i>.
(p)ppGpp controls stringent factors by exploiting antagonistic allosteric coupling between catalytic domains.
Title: (p)ppGpp controls stringent factors by exploiting antagonistic allosteric coupling between catalytic domains.
RNA binding of Hfq monomers promotes RelA-mediated hexamerization in a limiting Hfq environment.
Title: RNA binding of Hfq monomers promotes RelA-mediated hexamerization in a limiting Hfq environment.
The results reveal that nitrogen-starved Escherichia coli synthesizes (p)ppGpp and forms a higher percentage of persister cells than nonstarved cells and that both NtrC and RelA are important for these processes.
Title: Nitrogen Starvation Induces Persister Cell Formation in Escherichia coli.
The A-site finger structural element of 23S rRNA helix 38 is crucial for RelA binding to the ribosome and consequent activation.
Title: The ribosomal A-site finger is crucial for binding and activation of the stringent factor RelA.
Deleting dksA, which encodes a regulator of the stringent response to nutrient starvation, decreases growth under glucose phosphate stress conditions. The stringent response alarmone regulator ppGpp (synthesized by RelA and SpoT) also contributes to recovery from glucose phosphate stress: as with dksA, mutating relA and spoT worsens the growth defect of an sgrS mutant during stress.
Title: Stringent Response Regulators Contribute to Recovery from Glucose Phosphate Stress in Escherichia coli.
Amino acid starvation leads to loading of cognate tRNARelA complexes at vacant ribosomal A-sites. In turn, RelA is activated and synthesizes (p)ppGpp.
Title: Activation of the Stringent Response by Loading of RelA-tRNA Complexes at the Ribosomal A-Site.
The boomerang-shaped RelA with a wingspan of more than 100 A wraps around the A/R (30S A-site/RelA-bound) tRNA.
Title: Ribosome•RelA structures reveal the mechanism of stringent response activation.
We propose that the open conformation of RelA on the ribosome relieves the autoinhibitory effect of the CTD on the NTD, thus leading to stimulation of (p)ppGpp synthesis by RelA.
Title: The stringent factor RelA adopts an open conformation on the ribosome to stimulate ppGpp synthesis.
Here we review the role of (p)ppGpp in bacterial cell cycle regulation
Title: (p)ppGpp and the bacterial cell cycle.

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General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by GO

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables ATP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTP binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables GTP diphosphokinase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
enables GTP diphosphokinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables GTP diphosphokinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables guanosine-3',5'-bis(diphosphate) 3'-diphosphatase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
enables kinase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables nucleotide binding	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables transferase activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in guanosine tetraphosphate biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
involved_in guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within guanosine tetraphosphate metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within nucleobase-containing small molecule interconversion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in phosphorylation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to starvation	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: GDP/GTP pyrophosphokinase

NP_417264.1

EC 2.7.6.5

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

Range

2911417..2913651 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NP_417264.1 GDP/GTP pyrophosphokinase [Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_417264.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P0AG20

Conserved Domains (1) summary

PRK10872
Location:1 → 743

relA; (p)ppGpp synthetase I/GTP pyrophosphokinase; Provisional