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flhD DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator FlhD [ Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 ]

Gene ID: 945442, updated on 4-Feb-2026
Official Symbol
flhD
Official Full Name
DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator FlhD
Primary source
ECOCYC:EG10320
Locus tag
b1892
See related
ASAP:ABE-0006303
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 (strain: K-12, substrain: MG1655)
Lineage
Bacteria; Pseudomonadati; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia
Also known as
ECK1893; flbB
Summary
CsrA regulon. [More information is available at EcoGene: EG10320]. FlhDC is a transcriptional activator of the flagellar regulon. [More information is available at EcoCyc: EG10320].
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Sequence:
NC_000913.3 (1977847..1978197, complement)

NC_000913.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene motility protein B Neighboring gene motility protein A Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator FlhC Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene IS1 protein InsB Neighboring gene IS1 protein InsA Neighboring gene universal stress protein C

Genomic Sequence:
NC_000913.3

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Spontaneous mutations in the flhD operon generate motility heterogeneity in Escherichia coli biofilm. Horne SM, et al. BMC Microbiol, 2016 Nov 8. PMID 27821046, Free PMC Article
  2. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of FlhD from Escherichia coli. Campos A, et al. J Struct Biol, 1998 Nov. PMID 9878582
  3. Structural insight of a concentration-dependent mechanism by which YdiV inhibits Escherichia coli flagellum biogenesis and motility. Li B, et al. Nucleic Acids Res, 2012 Nov. PMID 23002140, Free PMC Article
  4. Mutations in the flhD gene of Escherichia coli K-12 do not cause the reported effect on cell division. Siegele DA, et al. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2010 Aug 1. PMID 20546312, Free PMC Article
  5. Environment-directed activation of the Escherichia coliflhDC operon by transposons. Zhang Z, et al. Microbiology (Reading), 2017 Apr. PMID 28100305, Free PMC Article

See all (56) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Motility-activating mutations upstream of flhDC reduce acid shock survival of Escherichia coli.
    Title: Motility-activating mutations upstream of flhDC reduce acid shock survival of Escherichia coli.
  2. three IS elements, IS1, IS3 and IS5, transpose to multiple upstream sites within a 370 bp region of the flhDC operon control region. The data are consistent with the possibility that appropriate environmental conditions, namely those that permit but hinder flagellar rotation, result in the activation of a mutational pathway that involves IS element insertion upstream of the flhDC operon.
    Title: Environment-directed activation of the Escherichia coliflhDC operon by transposons.
  3. Mutations in the flhD can exert positive or negative effects on motility.
    Title: Spontaneous mutations in the flhD operon generate motility heterogeneity in Escherichia coli biofilm.
  4. FlhD is part of flagellar regulatory network.
    Title: Comprehensive mapping of the Escherichia coli flagellar regulatory network.
  5. Upregulation of fliZ by NtrC-sigma(N) was shown to be indirect and required an intact flagellar regulator flhDC.
    Title: σ(N) -dependent control of acid resistance and the locus of enterocyte effacement in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is activated by acetyl phosphate in a manner requiring flagellar regulator FlhDC and the σ(S) antagonist FliZ.
  6. Authors report that not only integrations of IS insertion sequences into the regulatory region of the flhDC operon, but also a missense mutation in the lrhA gene enhances motility by relieving transcriptional repression of the flhDC operon.
    Title: Mutations upregulating the flhDC operon of Escherichia coli K-12.
  7. CsrA activates flhDC expression by protecting flhDC mRNA from RNase E-mediated cleavage.
    Title: CsrA activates flhDC expression by protecting flhDC mRNA from RNase E-mediated cleavage.
  8. This study presents a clear regulatory mechanism that stoichiometric binding of YdiV to FlhD in the FlhD4C2 complex results in the opening of the ring-like structure of FlhD4C2 with consequent loss of DNA binding.
    Title: Structural insight of a concentration-dependent mechanism by which YdiV inhibits Escherichia coli flagellum biogenesis and motility.
  9. Study demonstrates that insertion sequence IS5 in Escherichia coli inserts into the upstream region of the flhDC operon in a manner that depends on whether the environment permits motility.
    Title: IS5 inserts upstream of the master motility operon flhDC in a quasi-Lamarckian way.
  10. Mutations in the flhD do not affect cell division.
    Title: Mutations in the flhD gene of Escherichia coli K-12 do not cause the reported effect on cell division.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (15)
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by EcoCyc

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables DNA binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in bacterial-type flagellum assembly IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in bacterial-type flagellum organization IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of bacterial-type flagellum assembly IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator FlhD

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000913.3 Reference assembly

    Range
    1977847..1978197 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NP_416406.4 DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator FlhD

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_416406.4

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A376K449
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    PRK02909
    Location:1 → 105
    PRK02909; flagellar transcriptional regulator FlhD
Nucleotide Protein
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