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PER3 period circadian regulator 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 8863, updated on 22-Jan-2023

Summary

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Official Symbol
PER3provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
period circadian regulator 3provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8847
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000049246 MIM:603427; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8847
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
GIG13; FASPS3
Summary
This gene is a member of the Period family of genes and is expressed in a circadian pattern in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the primary circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Genes in this family encode components of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, metabolism, and behavior. This gene is upregulated by CLOCK/ARNTL heterodimers but then represses this upregulation in a feedback loop using PER/CRY heterodimers to interact with CLOCK/ARNTL. Polymorphisms in this gene have been linked to sleep disorders. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in thyroid (RPKM 14.6), fat (RPKM 11.2) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PER3 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
1p36.23
Exon count:
25
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
110 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (7784291..7845177)
110 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (7315337..7376224)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (7844351..7905237)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene calmodulin binding transcription activator 1 Neighboring gene translation initiation factor IF-2 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903833 Neighboring gene vesicle associated membrane protein 3 Neighboring gene tRNA-undetermined (NNN) 4-1 Neighboring gene urotensin 2 Neighboring gene TNF receptor superfamily member 9

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. PERIOD3 (PER3) VNTR Variant Associated with Seasonal Pattern and Family History in Bipolar Disorder. Aytac HM, et al. Psychiatr Danub, 2022 Winter. PMID 36548883
  2. Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association of sleep quality with mental health in Chinese young adults. Li T, et al. J Affect Disord, 2023 Feb 15. PMID 36528137
  3. PER3 plays anticancer roles in the oncogenesis and progression of breast cancer via regulating MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Liu Y, et al. J Chin Med Assoc, 2022 Nov 1. PMID 36278918
  4. A circadian rhythm gene (PER3) VNTR variant as possible risk factor in cohort of Turkish females with primary dysmenorrhea. Nacar MC, et al. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids, 2022. PMID 35707903
  5. PER3 polymorphisms and their association with prostate cancer risk in Japanese men. Hinoura T, et al. J Prev Med Hyg, 2021 Jun. PMID 34604590, Free PMC Article

See all (161) citations in PubMed

See citations in PubMed for homologs of this gene provided by HomoloGene

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association of sleep quality with mental health in Chinese young adults.
    Title: Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association of sleep quality with mental health in Chinese young adults.
  2. PERIOD3 (PER3) VNTR Variant Associated with Seasonal Pattern and Family History in Bipolar Disorder.
    Title: PERIOD3 (PER3) VNTR Variant Associated with Seasonal Pattern and Family History in Bipolar Disorder.
  3. PER3 plays anticancer roles in the oncogenesis and progression of breast cancer via regulating MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
    Title: PER3 plays anticancer roles in the oncogenesis and progression of breast cancer via regulating MEK/ERK signaling pathway.
  4. A circadian rhythm gene (PER3) VNTR variant as possible risk factor in cohort of Turkish females with primary dysmenorrhea.
    Title: A circadian rhythm gene (PER3) VNTR variant as possible risk factor in cohort of Turkish females with primary dysmenorrhea.
  5. Association of occupational stress, period circadian regulator 3 (PER3) gene polymorphism and their interaction with poor sleep quality.
    Title: Association of occupational stress, period circadian regulator 3 (PER3) gene polymorphism and their interaction with poor sleep quality.
  6. Alterations in CRY2 and PER3 gene expression associated with thalamic-limbic community structural abnormalities in patients with bipolar depression or unipolar depression.
    Title: Alterations in CRY2 and PER3 gene expression associated with thalamic-limbic community structural abnormalities in patients with bipolar depression or unipolar depression.
  7. Is There a Link between Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD 3 (PER3) (rs57875989) Variant and the Severity of COVID-19 Infection?
    Title: Is There a Link between Circadian Clock Protein PERIOD 3 (PER3) (rs57875989) Variant and the Severity of COVID-19 Infection?
  8. PER3 polymorphisms and their association with prostate cancer risk in Japanese men.
    Title: <i>PER3</i> polymorphisms and their association with prostate cancer risk in Japanese men.
  9. Associations of PER3 polymorphisms with clopidogrel resistance among Chinese Han people treated with clopidogrel.
    Title: Associations of PER3 polymorphisms with clopidogrel resistance among Chinese Han people treated with clopidogrel.
  10. Dopamine adjusts the circadian gene expression of Per2 and Per3 in human dermal fibroblasts from ADHD patients.
    Title: Dopamine adjusts the circadian gene expression of Per2 and Per3 in human dermal fibroblasts from ADHD patients.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (130)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Advanced sleep phase syndrome 3
MedGen: C4225169 OMIM: 616882 GeneReviews: Not available
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EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Knockdown of period homolog 3 (Drosophila, PER3) by siRNA inhibits the early stages of HIV-1 replication in 293T cells infected with VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables kinase binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription cis-regulatory region binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription corepressor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
enables ubiquitin protein ligase binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in circadian regulation of gene expression IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein stabilization IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
period circadian protein homolog 3
Names
cell growth-inhibiting gene 13 protein
circadian clock protein PERIOD 3
period circadian clock 3
period circadian protein 3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_046850.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    4912..65798
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001289861.2 → NP_001276790.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    Z98884
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS76097.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P56645
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A087WV69
    Related
    ENSP00000479223.1, ENST00000614998.4
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:285 → 377
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam08447
    Location:285 → 373
    PAS_3; PAS fold
    pfam12114
    Location:1064 → 1179
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

  2. NM_001289862.2 → NP_001276791.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    Z98884
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS72695.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P56645
    Related
    ENSP00000482093.1, ENST00000613533.4
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:285 → 377
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam05109
    Location:756 → 1066
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam12114
    Location:1083 → 1198
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

  3. NM_001289863.3 → NP_001276792.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    Z98884
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P56645
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:285 → 377
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam08447
    Location:285 → 373
    PAS_3; PAS fold
    pfam12114
    Location:1057 → 1172
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

  4. NM_001289864.3 → NP_001276793.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform 5

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    Z98884
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P56645
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam12114
    Location:763 → 878
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

  5. NM_001377275.1 → NP_001364204.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    Z98884
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS72695.1
    Related
    ENSP00000366755.3, ENST00000377532.8
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:285 → 377
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam05109
    Location:756 → 1066
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam12114
    Location:1083 → 1198
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

  6. NM_001377276.1 → NP_001364205.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform 6

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    Z98884
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:285 → 377
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam05109
    Location:749 → 1058
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)
    pfam12114
    Location:1075 → 1190
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

  7. NM_016831.4 → NP_058515.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform 4

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_058515.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    Z98884
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS89.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P56645, Q9UGU8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2I2N5
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:284 → 376
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam12114
    Location:1073 → 1186
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region
    cl25496
    Location:748 → 1057
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: Homo sapiens Annotation Release 110 details...Open this link in a new tab

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    7784291..7845177
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047433449.1 → XP_047289405.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X8

  2. XM_047433435.1 → XP_047289391.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X2

  3. XM_047433457.1 → XP_047289413.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X12

  4. XM_047433442.1 → XP_047289398.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X5

  5. XM_047433459.1 → XP_047289415.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X13

  6. XM_047433453.1 → XP_047289409.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X10

  7. XM_047433437.1 → XP_047289393.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X3

  8. XM_047433440.1 → XP_047289396.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X4

  9. XM_047433473.1 → XP_047289429.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X15

  10. XM_047433454.1 → XP_047289410.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X11

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9UGU8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2I2N5
    Related
    ENSP00000355031.2, ENST00000361923.2

  11. XM_047433434.1 → XP_047289390.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X1

  12. XM_047433446.1 → XP_047289402.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X7

  13. XM_047433455.1 → XP_047289411.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X11

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9UGU8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2I2N5

  14. XM_047433436.1 → XP_047289392.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X2

  15. XM_047433443.1 → XP_047289399.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X5

  16. XM_047433466.1 → XP_047289422.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X13

  17. XM_047433447.1 → XP_047289403.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X7

  18. XM_047433438.1 → XP_047289394.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X3

  19. XM_047433451.1 → XP_047289407.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X9

  20. XM_005263524.5 → XP_005263581.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X6

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:285 → 377
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam08447
    Location:285 → 373
    PAS_3; PAS fold
    pfam12114
    Location:1083 → 1192
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region

  21. XM_047433448.1 → XP_047289404.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X8

  22. XM_024450586.2 → XP_024306354.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X2

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:285 → 377
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam12114
    Location:1081 → 1194
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region
    cl25496
    Location:756 → 1065
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)

  23. XM_047433456.1 → XP_047289412.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X12

  24. XM_024450587.2 → XP_024306355.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X5

    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:285 → 377
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam12114
    Location:1075 → 1188
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region
    cl25496
    Location:749 → 1059
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)

  25. XM_047433458.1 → XP_047289414.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X13

  26. XM_017002723.3 → XP_016858212.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X3

  27. XM_017002724.3 → XP_016858213.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X4

  28. XM_047433468.1 → XP_047289424.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X14

  29. XM_017002726.3 → XP_016858215.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X9

  30. XM_047433472.1 → XP_047289428.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X15

  31. XM_024450590.2 → XP_024306358.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X11

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q9UGU8
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A2I2N5
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    cd00130
    Location:284 → 376
    PAS; PAS domain; PAS motifs appear in archaea, eubacteria and eukarya. Probably the most surprising identification of a PAS domain was that in EAG-like K+-channels. PAS domains have been found to bind ligands, and to act as sensors for light and oxygen in ...
    pfam12114
    Location:1073 → 1186
    Period_C; Period protein 2/3C-terminal region
    cl25496
    Location:748 → 1057
    Herpes_BLLF1; Herpes virus major outer envelope glycoprotein (BLLF1)

  32. XM_047433439.1 → XP_047289395.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X2

  33. XM_047433445.1 → XP_047289401.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X6

  34. XM_047433444.1 → XP_047289400.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X5

  35. XM_047433441.1 → XP_047289397.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X4

  36. XM_047433452.1 → XP_047289408.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X9

  37. XM_047433474.1 → XP_047289430.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X16

  38. XM_047433475.1 → XP_047289431.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X17

  39. XM_017002729.2 → XP_016858218.2  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X18

  40. XM_047433476.1 → XP_047289432.1  period circadian protein homolog 3 isoform X19

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    7315337..7376224
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P56645.4 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P56645

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