- Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystemTLR4 is unique among the TLR family in its ability to recruit four adapters to activate two distinct signaling pathways. One pathway is activated by the pair of the adapters Mal or TIRAP (Toll/inter...
- Alzheimer's disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Alzheimer's disease, organism-specific biosystemAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-b...
- Alzheimer's disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Alzheimer's disease, conserved biosystemAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-b...
- Alzheimers Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Alzheimers Disease, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway displays current genes, proteolytic events and other processes associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. This pathway was adapted from KEGG on 10/7/2011. Note: mitochondria...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
- Apoptosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Apoptosis, conserved biosystemApoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
- Apoptosis - multiple species, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Apoptosis - multiple species, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The ma...
- Apoptosis - multiple species, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Apoptosis - multiple species, conserved biosystemApoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The ma...
- Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis, or cell death program, can be activated by various mechanisms within the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathway. While activation of cell death receptors leads to the engagement of the extrin...
- Apoptosis Modulation by HSP70, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Apoptosis Modulation by HSP70, organism-specific biosystem
Apoptosis Modulation by HSP70
- CASP8 activity is inhibited, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CASP8 activity is inhibited, organism-specific biosystemCell death triggered by extrinsic stimuli via death receptors or toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR3, TLR4) may result in either apoptosis or regulated necrosis (necroptosis) (Holler N et al. 2000; Kalai...
- Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway, organism-specific biosystemKnown as the "death receptor pathway" the extrinsic or caspase 8/10 dependent pathway is activated by ligand binding. The "death receptors" are specialized cell-surface receptors including Fas/CD95, ...
- Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Ceramide signaling pathway
- Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
- Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
- Death Receptor Signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Death Receptor Signalling, organism-specific biosystemThe death receptors, all cell-surface receptors, begin the process of caspase activation. The common feature of these type 1 transmembrane proteins is the "death-domain" a conserved cytoplasmic motif...
- Dimerization of procaspase-8, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Dimerization of procaspase-8, organism-specific biosystemProcaspase-8 monomers undergo dimerization. The dimerization event occurs at death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and results in a reposition of the procaspase-8 inter-subunit linker to become acc...
- FAS (CD95) signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
FAS (CD95) signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
FAS (CD95) signaling pathway
- Fas Ligand (FasL) pathway and Stress induction of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) regulation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Fas Ligand (FasL) pathway and Stress induction of Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) regulation, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway describes the Fas induced apoptosis and interplay with Hsp27 in response to stress. More info: [http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/h_hsp27Pathway.asp BioCarta].
- FasL/ CD95L signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
FasL/ CD95L signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe Fas family of cell surface receptors initiate the apototic pathway through interaction with the external ligand, FasL. The cytoplasmic domain of Fas interacts with a number of molecules in the t...
- HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha, organism-specific biosystem
HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha
- Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and...
- Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Herpes simplex infection, organism-specific biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
- Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Herpes simplex infection, conserved biosystemHerpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are very common worldwide, with the prevalence of HSV-1 reaching up to 80%-90%. Primary infection with HSV takes place in the mucosa, followed by the establishme...
- IL-17 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
IL-17 signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe interleukin 17 (IL-17) family, a subset of cytokines consisting of IL-17A-F, plays crucial roles in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. IL-17A, the hallmark cytokine of the newly defi...
- IL-17 signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
IL-17 signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe interleukin 17 (IL-17) family, a subset of cytokines consisting of IL-17A-F, plays crucial roles in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. IL-17A, the hallmark cytokine of the newly defi...
- Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
- Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
- Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway incorporates the most important proteins for Breast Cancer. The Rp score from the Connectivity-Maps (C-Maps) webserver was used to determine the rank of the most important proteins in Br...
- Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
- Ligand-dependent caspase activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Ligand-dependent caspase activation, organism-specific biosystemCaspase-8 is synthesized as zymogen (procaspase-8) and is formed from procaspase-8 as a cleavage product. However, the cleavage itself appears not to be sufficient for the formation of an active casp...
- MyD88-independent TLR3/TLR4 cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88-independent TLR3/TLR4 cascade, organism-specific biosystemMyD88-independent signaling pathway is shared by TLR3 and TLR4 cascades. TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF or TICAM1) is a key adapter molecule in transducing signals from ...
- NF-kB activation through FADD/RIP-1 pathway mediated by caspase-8 and -10, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NF-kB activation through FADD/RIP-1 pathway mediated by caspase-8 and -10, organism-specific biosystemFas-AssociatedDeathDomain (FADD) and receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) are death domain containing molecules that interact with the C-terminal portion of IPS-1 and induce NF-kB through interactio...
- NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
- NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
- Nanomaterial induced apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Nanomaterial induced apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApotosis caused by nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanohorns, titanium oxide, and polystyrene nanoparticles, may be induced through lysosomal impairment. For example, PAMAMs have been fou...
- Nanoparticle triggered regulated necrosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Nanoparticle triggered regulated necrosis, organism-specific biosystemProgrammed cell death: regulated necrosis. During regulated necrosis, different stimuli are recognized or sensed by specific receptors on the cell surface or inside cells. The activation of the necro...
- Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Pathways in cancer
- Platinum drug resistance, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Platinum drug resistance, organism-specific biosystemPlatinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used in the therapy of solid malignancies, including testicular, ovarian, head and neck, colorectal, bladder and lung cancers. T...
- Platinum drug resistance, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Platinum drug resistance, conserved biosystemPlatinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are widely used in the therapy of solid malignancies, including testicular, ovarian, head and neck, colorectal, bladder and lung cancers. T...
- Programmed Cell Death, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Programmed Cell Death, organism-specific biosystemCell death is a fundamental cellular response that has a crucial role in shaping our bodies during development and in regulating tissue homeostasis by eliminating unwanted cells. There are a number o...
- RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling, organism-specific biosystemViral pathogen RNA are recognized by host helicases called RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) that include DDX58 (RIG-I), DHX58 (LGP2), IFIH1 (MDA5), SNW1, and DDX17. These RLR proteins then go on to initia...
- RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
- RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
- RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways, organism-specific biosystemRIG-I-like helicases (RLHs) the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) are RNA helicases that recognize viral RNA present within the cytoplasm. F...
- RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis, organism-specific biosystemReceptor-interacting kinase protein 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3-dependent necrosis is called necroptosis or programmed necrosis. The kinase activities of RIPK1 and RIPK3 are essential for the necroptotic cel...
- Regulated Necrosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulated Necrosis, organism-specific biosystemNecrosis has traditionally been considered as a passive, unregulated cell death. However, accumulating evidence suggests that necrosis, like apoptosis, can be executed by genetically controlled and h...
- Regulation by c-FLIP, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation by c-FLIP, organism-specific biosystemc-FLIP proteins (CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulators or c-FLICE inhibitory proteins) are death effector domain (DED)-containing proteins that are recruited to the death-inducing signaling comple...
- Regulation of necroptotic cell death, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of necroptotic cell death, organism-specific biosystemA regulated balance between cell survival and cell death is essential for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Defects in control of this balance may contribute to autoimmu...
- Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- TNF alpha Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TNF alpha Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in various biological processes including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. T...
- TNF receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
TNF receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
TNF receptor signaling pathway
- TNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemTNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a small pleiotropic cytokine of the TNF super family and its gene is located at chromosome 17p13.1. TWEAK has been reported to be expressed in tissues...
- TNF signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TNF signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is expressed in immune and nonimmune cell types including macrophages, T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, ...
- TNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
TNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemTumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a critical cytokine, can induce a wide range of intracellular signal pathways including apoptosis and cell survival as well as inflammation and immunity. Activated TNF...
- TNF signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
TNF signaling pathway, conserved biosystemTumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a critical cytokine, can induce a wide range of intracellular signal pathways including apoptosis and cell survival as well as inflammation and immunity. Activated TNF...
- TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling, organism-specific biosystemActivation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) can trigger multiple signal transduction pathways to induce cell survival or cell death (Ward C et al. 1999; Micheau O and Tschopp J 2003; Wider...
- TRAIL signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRAIL signaling, organism-specific biosystemTumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand or Apo 2 ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. This group of apoptosis induction pathways all work throug...
- TRAIL signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
TRAIL signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
TRAIL signaling pathway
- TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemTRIF(TICAM1) was shown to induce IRF3/7 and NF-?B activation and apoptosis through distinct intracellular signaling pathways [Han KJ et al 2004; Kaiser WJ and Offermann MK et al 2005]. TRIF consists...
- TRIF-mediated programmed cell death, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRIF-mediated programmed cell death, organism-specific biosystemTLR3 and -4 trigger TRIF-dependent programmed cell death in various human and mouse cells (Kalai M et al. 2002; Han KJ et al. 2004; Kaiser WJ and Offermann MK 2005; Estornes Y et al. 2012; He S et al...
- Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating the antiviral and in...
- Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria,...
- Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystemIn human, ten members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified (TLR11 has been found in mouse, but not in human). All TLRs have a similar Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) doma...
- Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
- Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
- Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...