- ATM Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
ATM Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAtaxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a highly pleiotropic, autosomal recessive disease that leads to multisystem defects and has an intricate cellular phenotype, all linked to the functional inactivation o...
- Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activated TLR4 signalling, organism-specific biosystemTLR4 is unique among the TLR family in its ability to recruit four adapters to activate two distinct signaling pathways. One pathway is activated by the pair of the adapters Mal or TIRAP (Toll/inter...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
- Apoptosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Apoptosis, conserved biosystemApoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
- Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Apoptosis Modulation and Signaling, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis, or cell death program, can be activated by various mechanisms within the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathway. While activation of cell death receptors leads to the engagement of the extrin...
- Apoptosis Modulation by HSP70, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Apoptosis Modulation by HSP70, organism-specific biosystem
Apoptosis Modulation by HSP70
- CASP8 activity is inhibited, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
CASP8 activity is inhibited, organism-specific biosystemCell death triggered by extrinsic stimuli via death receptors or toll-like receptors (e.g., TLR3, TLR4) may result in either apoptosis or regulated necrosis (necroptosis) (Holler N et al. 2000; Kalai...
- Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathway, organism-specific biosystemKnown as the "death receptor pathway" the extrinsic or caspase 8/10 dependent pathway is activated by ligand binding. The "death receptors" are specialized cell-surface receptors including Fas/CD95, ...
- Caspase cascade in apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Caspase cascade in apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem
Caspase cascade in apoptosis
- Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Ceramide signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Ceramide signaling pathway
- Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified s...
- Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting foreign DNA from invading microbes or host cells and generating innate immune responses. DAI is the first identified s...
- Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA, organism-specific biosystemPresence of pathogen-associated DNA in cytosol induces type I IFN production. Several intracellular receptors have been implicated to some degree. These include DNA-dependent activator of interferon ...
- Death Receptor Signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Death Receptor Signalling, organism-specific biosystemThe death receptors, all cell-surface receptors, begin the process of caspase activation. The common feature of these type 1 transmembrane proteins is the "death-domain" a conserved cytoplasmic motif...
- Deubiquitination, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Deubiquitination, organism-specific biosystemUbiquitination, the modification of proteins by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin (Ub), is a key regulatory mechanism for many many cellular processes, including protein degradation by the 26S pro...
- Dimerization of procaspase-8, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Dimerization of procaspase-8, organism-specific biosystemProcaspase-8 monomers undergo dimerization. The dimerization event occurs at death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and results in a reposition of the procaspase-8 inter-subunit linker to become acc...
- Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
- Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
- FAS (CD95) signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
FAS (CD95) signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
FAS (CD95) signaling pathway
- HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha, organism-specific biosystem
HIV-1 Nef: Negative effector of Fas and TNF-alpha
- Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis C, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
- Hepatitis C, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis C, conserved biosystemHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. The HCV employ several strategies to perturb host cell immunity. After invasion, HCV RNA genome functions directly as an mRNA in the...
- IKK complex recruitment mediated by RIP1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
IKK complex recruitment mediated by RIP1, organism-specific biosystemReceptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) mediates the activation of proinflammatory cytokines via intermediate induction of IKK complex in NFkB pathways [Ea et al. 2006]. Poly(I-C) treatment stimulated ...
- Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
- Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Innate Immune System, organism-specific biosystemInnate immunity encompases the nonspecific part of immunity tha are part of an individual's natural biologic makeup
- Ligand-dependent caspase activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Ligand-dependent caspase activation, organism-specific biosystemCaspase-8 is synthesized as zymogen (procaspase-8) and is formed from procaspase-8 as a cleavage product. However, the cleavage itself appears not to be sufficient for the formation of an active casp...
- Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystemProtein metabolism comprises the pathways of translation, post-translational modification and protein folding.
- MyD88-independent TLR3/TLR4 cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
MyD88-independent TLR3/TLR4 cascade, organism-specific biosystemMyD88-independent signaling pathway is shared by TLR3 and TLR4 cascades. TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-beta (TRIF or TICAM1) is a key adapter molecule in transducing signals from ...
- NF-kB activation through FADD/RIP-1 pathway mediated by caspase-8 and -10, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NF-kB activation through FADD/RIP-1 pathway mediated by caspase-8 and -10, organism-specific biosystemFas-AssociatedDeathDomain (FADD) and receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) are death domain containing molecules that interact with the C-terminal portion of IPS-1 and induce NF-kB through interactio...
- NF-kappa B signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
NF-kappa B signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemNuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is the generic name of a family of transcription factors that function as dimers and regulate genes involved in immunity, inflammation and cell survival. There are...
- NF-kappa B signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
NF-kappa B signaling pathway, conserved biosystemNuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is the generic name of a family of transcription factors that function as dimers and regulate genes involved in immunity, inflammation and cell survival. There are...
- NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
- NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting various pathogens and generating innate immune responses. The intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR) family contains mo...
- Nanoparticle triggered regulated necrosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Nanoparticle triggered regulated necrosis, organism-specific biosystemProgrammed cell death: regulated necrosis. During regulated necrosis, different stimuli are recognized or sensed by specific receptors on the cell surface or inside cells. The activation of the necro...
- Ovarian tumor domain proteases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Ovarian tumor domain proteases, organism-specific biosystemHumans have 16 Overian tumour domain (OTU) family DUBs that can be evolutionally divided into three classes, the OTUs, the Otubains (OTUBs), and the A20-like OTUs (Komander et al. 2009). OTU family ...
- Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystemAfter translation, many newly formed proteins undergo further covalent modifications that alter their functional properties and that are essentially irreversible under physiological conditions in the...
- Programmed Cell Death, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Programmed Cell Death, organism-specific biosystemCell death is a fundamental cellular response that has a crucial role in shaping our bodies during development and in regulating tissue homeostasis by eliminating unwanted cells. There are a number o...
- RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling, organism-specific biosystemViral pathogen RNA are recognized by host helicases called RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) that include DDX58 (RIG-I), DHX58 (LGP2), IFIH1 (MDA5), SNW1, and DDX17. These RLR proteins then go on to initia...
- RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
- RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting viral pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Non-self RNA appearing in a cell as a result of intracellular ...
- RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways, organism-specific biosystemRIG-I-like helicases (RLHs) the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) are RNA helicases that recognize viral RNA present within the cytoplasm. F...
- RIP-mediated NFkB activation via ZBP1, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RIP-mediated NFkB activation via ZBP1, organism-specific biosystemOverexpression of human or murine ZBP1 (DAI) in human embryonic kidney 293T cells (HEK293T) activated NF-kB-dependent promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Two RHIM-contaning kinases RIP1 and RIP3 are...
- RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RIPK1-mediated regulated necrosis, organism-specific biosystemReceptor-interacting kinase protein 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3-dependent necrosis is called necroptosis or programmed necrosis. The kinase activities of RIPK1 and RIPK3 are essential for the necroptotic cel...
- Regulated Necrosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulated Necrosis, organism-specific biosystemNecrosis has traditionally been considered as a passive, unregulated cell death. However, accumulating evidence suggests that necrosis, like apoptosis, can be executed by genetically controlled and h...
- Regulation by c-FLIP, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation by c-FLIP, organism-specific biosystemc-FLIP proteins (CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulators or c-FLICE inhibitory proteins) are death effector domain (DED)-containing proteins that are recruited to the death-inducing signaling comple...
- Regulation of TNFR1 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of TNFR1 signaling, organism-specific biosystemTumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is an inflammatory cytokine, that activates either cell survival (e.g.,inflammation, proliferation) or cell death upon association with TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1). ...
- Regulation of necroptotic cell death, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of necroptotic cell death, organism-specific biosystemA regulated balance between cell survival and cell death is essential for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Defects in control of this balance may contribute to autoimmu...
- Regulation of p38-alpha and p38-beta, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Regulation of p38-alpha and p38-beta, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of p38-alpha and p38-beta
- Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- TLR4 Signaling and Tolerance, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TLR4 Signaling and Tolerance, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is based on the figure 2 of "Toll-like Receptors: Novel Pharmacological Targets for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases" and figure 2 of "Toll-like receptor and its roles in myocardia...
- TNF alpha Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TNF alpha Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF?) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in various biological processes including regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune response. T...
- TNF receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
TNF receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
TNF receptor signaling pathway
- TNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemTNF related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a small pleiotropic cytokine of the TNF super family and its gene is located at chromosome 17p13.1. TWEAK has been reported to be expressed in tissues...
- TNF signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TNF signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is expressed in immune and nonimmune cell types including macrophages, T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, ...
- TNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
TNF signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemTumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a critical cytokine, can induce a wide range of intracellular signal pathways including apoptosis and cell survival as well as inflammation and immunity. Activated TNF...
- TNF signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
TNF signaling pathway, conserved biosystemTumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a critical cytokine, can induce a wide range of intracellular signal pathways including apoptosis and cell survival as well as inflammation and immunity. Activated TNF...
- TNFR1-induced NFkappaB signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TNFR1-induced NFkappaB signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemActivation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) can trigger multiple signal transduction pathways to induce inflammation, cell proliferation, survival or cell death (Ward C et al. 1999; Michea...
- TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling, organism-specific biosystemActivation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) can trigger multiple signal transduction pathways to induce cell survival or cell death (Ward C et al. 1999; Micheau O and Tschopp J 2003; Wider...
- TRAIL signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
TRAIL signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
TRAIL signaling pathway
- TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRIF-mediated TLR3/TLR4 signaling, organism-specific biosystemTRIF(TICAM1) was shown to induce IRF3/7 and NF-?B activation and apoptosis through distinct intracellular signaling pathways [Han KJ et al 2004; Kaiser WJ and Offermann MK et al 2005]. TRIF consists...
- TRIF-mediated programmed cell death, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TRIF-mediated programmed cell death, organism-specific biosystemTLR3 and -4 trigger TRIF-dependent programmed cell death in various human and mouse cells (Kalai M et al. 2002; Han KJ et al. 2004; Kaiser WJ and Offermann MK 2005; Estornes Y et al. 2012; He S et al...
- Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as was shown for mammals is expressed on myeloid dendritic cells, respiratory epithelium, macrophages, and appears to play a central role in mediating the antiviral and in...
- Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Cascade, organism-specific biosystemToll-like Receptor 4 is a Microbe Associated Molecular Pattern receptor well known for it's sensitivity to Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS is assembled within diverse Gram-negative bacteria,...
- Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, organism-specific biosystemIn human, ten members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family (TLR1-TLR10) have been identified (TLR11 has been found in mouse, but not in human). All TLRs have a similar Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) doma...
- Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
- Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, conserved biosystemSpecific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors id...
- Ub-specific processing proteases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Ub-specific processing proteases, organism-specific biosystemUb-specific processing proteases (USPs) are the largest of the DUB families with more than 50 members in humans. The USP catalytic domain varies considerably in size and consists of six conserved mo...
- ZBP1(DAI) mediated induction of type I IFNs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
ZBP1(DAI) mediated induction of type I IFNs, organism-specific biosystemZ-DNA-binding protein-1 (ZBP1), also known as, DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors (DAI) was reported to initiate innate immune responses in murine L929 cells upon stimulation by multip...
- p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemp38 MAPKs are members of the MAPK family that are activated by a variety of environmental stresses and inflammatory cytokines. Stress signals are delivered to this cascade by members of small GTPases...