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MMS21 SUMO ligase MMS21 [ Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C ]

Gene ID: 856695, updated on 6-Jul-2026
Official Symbol
MMS21
Official Full Name
SUMO ligase MMS21
Primary source
SGD:S000000745
Locus tag
YEL019C
See related
AllianceGenome:SGD:S000000745; FungiDB:YEL019C; VEuPathDB:YEL019C
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C (strain: S288C)
Lineage
Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Saccharomycotina; Saccharomycetes; Saccharomycetales; Saccharomycetaceae; Saccharomyces
Also known as
NSE2; PSO10
Summary
Enables SUMO transferase activity and protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity. Involved in DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope and DNA repair. Located in nuclear envelope. Part of Smc5-Smc6 complex. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Seckel syndrome 10. Orthologous to human NSMCE2 (NSE2 (MMS21) homolog, SMC5-SMC6 complex SUMO ligase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]
Orthologs
all
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See MMS21 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
chromosome: V
Exon count:
1
Sequence:
Chromosome: V; NC_001137.3 (120498..121301, complement)

Chromosome V - NC_001137.3Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ncRNA Neighboring gene putative indolepyruvate decarboxylase family protein Neighboring gene Eaf5p Neighboring gene proteolipid ATPase

Genomic Sequence:
NC_001137.3

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Related articles in PubMed

  1. Hyper-recombination and mutator effects of the mms9-1, mms13-1, and mms21-1 mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Montelone BA, et al. Curr Genet, 1981 Dec. PMID 24185997
  2. Increased spontaneous mitotic segregation in MMS-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prakash S, et al. Genetics, 1977 Oct. PMID 200524, Free PMC Article
  3. Interactions among mutations affecting spontaneous mutation, mitotic recombination, and DNA repair in yeast. Montelone BA, et al. Curr Genet, 1995 Jan. PMID 7788712
  4. Allelism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PSO10, involved in error-prone repair of psoralen-induced DNA damage, with SUMO ligase-encoding MMS21. Hoch NC, et al. Curr Genet, 2008 Jun. PMID 18437386
  5. A natural variant of the essential host gene MMS21 restricts the parasitic 2-micron plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hays M, et al. Elife, 2020 Oct 16. PMID 33063663, Free PMC Article

See all (107) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Structural basis for the E3 ligase activity enhancement of yeast Nse2 by SUMO-interacting motifs.
    Title: Structural basis for the E3 ligase activity enhancement of yeast Nse2 by SUMO-interacting motifs.
  2. Relocation of Collapsed Forks to the Nuclear Pore Complex Depends on Sumoylation of DNA Repair Proteins and Permits Rad51 Association.
    Title: Relocation of Collapsed Forks to the Nuclear Pore Complex Depends on Sumoylation of DNA Repair Proteins and Permits Rad51 Association.
  3. A natural variant of the essential host gene MMS21 restricts the parasitic 2-micron plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
    Title: A natural variant of the essential host gene MMS21 restricts the parasitic 2-micron plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  4. Pol2 is the main target of SUMOylation within the replisome and its modification requires the SUMO-ligase Mms21, a subunit of the Smc5/6 complex
    Title: The S phase checkpoint promotes the Smc5/6 complex dependent SUMOylation of Pol2, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase ε.
  5. These results reveal a mechanism to enhance a SUMO E3 ligase activity by direct DNA binding and to restrict sumoylation in the vicinity of those Smc5/6-Nse2 molecules engaged on DNA.
    Title: DNA activates the Nse2/Mms21 SUMO E3 ligase in the Smc5/6 complex.
  6. Mms21 prevents the accumulation of spontaneous DNA lesions that cause diverse gross chromosomal rearrangements.
    Title: SUMO E3 ligase Mms21 prevents spontaneous DNA damage induced genome rearrangements.
  7. Our findings reveal a requirement for the Smc5/6 complex, including Mms21/Nse2 mediated sumoylation, and topoisomerase-1 (Top1), for maintaining stability of a chromosome having low origin density and suggest a functional cooperation between the Smc5/6 complex and Top1 in maintenance of topologically challenged chromosomes prone to replication fork collapse or accumulation of torsional stress
    Title: Genetic evidence for functional interaction of Smc5/6 complex and Top1 with spatial frequency of replication origins required for maintenance of chromosome stability.
  8. Our findings reveal a functional interplay between Mms21 and Top1 in maintenance of longer chromosomes, and suggest that lack of sumoylation of Mms21 targets coupled with Top1 deficiency is a crucial requirement for accurate inheritance of longer chromosomes.
    Title: Interplay between Top1 and Mms21/Nse2 mediated sumoylation in stable maintenance of long chromosomes.
  9. mms21RINGDelta mutant exhibits (1) reduced ribosomal RNA production; (2) nuclear accumulation of ribosomal proteins; (3) elevated Gcn4 translation, indicating translational stress; We identified RPL19A as a novel genetic suppressor of the mms21RINGDelta mutant; Deletion of a previously identified strong suppressor, MPH1, rescues both the accumulation of ribosome subunits and translational stress
    Title: Mms21 SUMO Ligase Activity Promotes Nucleolar Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  10. double-strand break relocation to the nuclear envelope depends on SUMOylation mediated by the E3 ligases Siz2 and Mms21
    Title: PolySUMOylation by Siz2 and Mms21 triggers relocation of DNA breaks to nuclear pores through the Slx5/Slx8 STUbL.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (19)
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by SGD

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables SUMO ligase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables SUMO transferase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables SUMO transferase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables SUMO transferase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables zinc ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables zinc ion binding RCA
inferred from Reviewed Computational Analysis
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA double-strand break attachment to nuclear envelope IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in DNA repair IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in chromatin looping NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in protein sumoylation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in protein sumoylation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of telomere maintenance NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of Smc5-Smc6 complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of Smc5-Smc6 complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
part_of Smc5-Smc6 complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of Smc5-Smc6 complex IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
located_in chromosome, telomeric region NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm HDA PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nuclear envelope IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus EXP
Inferred from Experiment
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus HDA PubMed 
is_active_in nucleus IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in nucleus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Preferred Names
SUMO ligase MMS21
NP_010896.3
  • Highly conserved SUMO E3 ligase subunit of SMC5-SMC6 complex; required for anchoring dsDNA breaks to the nuclear periphery; SMC5-SMC6 plays a key role in removal of X-shaped DNA structures that arise between sister chromatids during DNA replication and repair; required for efficient sister chromatid cohesion; mutants are sensitive to MMS, show increased spontaneous mutation and mitotic recombination; SUMOylates and inhibits Snf1p function; supports nucleolar function

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_001137.3 Reference assembly

    Range
    120498..121301 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001178834.3 → NP_010896.3  SUMO ligase MMS21

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_010896.3

    Status: REVIEWED

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DLN0, P38632
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B3LRZ7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    COG5627
    Location:1 → 267
    COG5627; SUMO ligase MMS21, Smc5/6 complex, required for cell growth and DNA repair [Replication, recombination and repair]
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P38632.2

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