PAD4 alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Gene symbol: PAD4
Gene description: alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein
Primary source: Araport:AT3G52430
Locus tag: AT3G52430
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: ARABIDOPSIS PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4; ATPAD4; PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4
Summary: Encodes a lipase-like gene that is important for salicylic acid signaling and function in resistance (R) gene-mediated and basal plant disease resistance. PAD4 can interact directly with EDS1, another disease resistance signaling protein. Expressed at elevated level in response to green peach aphid (GPA) feeding, and modulates the GPA feeding-induced leaf senescence through a mechanism that doesn't require camalexin synthesis and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Required for the ssi2-dependent heightened resistance to GPA.
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Genomic context

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Location:: chromosome: 3

Exon count:: 2

Sequence:: Chromosome: 3; NC_003074.8 (19431095..19434450)

Chromosome 3 - NC_003074.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003074.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Arabidopsis PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 promotes the maturation and nuclear accumulation of immune-related cysteine protease RD19.
Title: Arabidopsis PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 promotes the maturation and nuclear accumulation of immune-related cysteine protease RD19.
PopP2 interacts with PAD4 in an acetyltransferase activity-dependent manner and affects plant immunity.
Title: PopP2 interacts with PAD4 in an acetyltransferase activity-dependent manner and affects plant immunity.
The EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 node mediates Arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity.
Title: The EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 node mediates Arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity.
The immune components ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 are required for cell death caused by overaccumulation of ceramides in Arabidopsis.
Title: The immune components ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 are required for cell death caused by overaccumulation of ceramides in Arabidopsis.
Insect infestation mediated Botrytis Induced Kinase-1 (BIK1) induction resulted in inhibition of Phyto Alexin Deficient-4 (PAD4) protein. Lowered PAD4 triggers the plant defense mechanism, leading to degraded plant immune potential and thereby reducing the plant quality.
Title: Mathematical model for plant-insect interaction with dynamic response to PAD4-BIK1 interaction and effect of BIK1 inhibition.
overexpression in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon enhances resistance to Puccinia brachypodii
Title: Overexpression of AtPAD4 in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon enhances resistance to Puccinia brachypodii.
EDS1 with PAD4, besides promoting SA biosynthesis, maintains important salicylic acid (SA)-related resistance programs, thereby increasing robustness of the innate immune system.
Title: A core function of EDS1 with PAD4 is to protect the salicylic acid defense sector in Arabidopsis immunity.
Resolved regulatory mechanisms show unexpected patterns for how the jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET), phytoalexin-deficient 4 (PAD4), and salicylate (SA) signaling sectors control the transcriptional response to flg22.
Title: The highly buffered Arabidopsis immune signaling network conceals the functions of its components.
Data indicate that Arabidopsis proteins PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 constitute a molecular hub, which integrates plant responses to water stress, vegetative biomass production and generative development.
Title: PAD4, LSD1 and EDS1 regulate drought tolerance, plant biomass production, and cell wall properties.
The combined action of PAD4, Sag101 and EDS1 promotes salicylic acid-mediated defenses to limit Fusarium graminearum infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Title: The Combined Action of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1, PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4, and SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED101 Promotes Salicylic Acid-Mediated Defenses to Limit Fusarium graminearum Infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_115103.4

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables lipase activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within aerenchyma formation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to trehalose stimulus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to bacterium	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to bacterium	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to insect	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within defense response to insect	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within leaf abscission	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within leaf senescence	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of defense response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of ethylene-activated signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in plant-type hypersensitive response	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of camalexin biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of defense response to bacterium	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of defense response to insect	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of jasmonic acid mediated signaling pathway	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of salicylic acid biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to UV-C	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to bacterium	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to hypoxia	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in response to insect	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to insect	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to other organism	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in response to salicylic acid	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within systemic acquired resistance	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within systemic acquired resistance, salicylic acid mediated signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein

NP_190811.1

PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Lipase, class 3 (InterPro:IPR002921); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: senescence-associated gene 101 (TAIR:AT5G14930.2); Has 722 Blast hits to 622 proteins in 73 species: Archae - 0; Bacteria - 23; Metazoa - 17; Fungi - 11; Plants - 620; Viruses - 1; Other Eukaryotes - 50 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003074.8 Reference assembly

Range

19431095..19434450

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_115103.4 → NP_190811.1 alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_190811.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

B0ZUC0, Q9S745

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A178V847, B2BDM2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam18117
Location:316 → 524

EDS1_EP; Enhanced disease susceptibility 1 protein EP domain

cl21494
Location:112 → 186

Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases