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DYNC2H1 dynein cytoplasmic 2 heavy chain 1 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 79659, updated on 9-Dec-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
DYNC2H1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
dynein cytoplasmic 2 heavy chain 1provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:2962
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000187240 MIM:603297; AllianceGenome:HGNC:2962
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ATD3; DHC2; DHC1b; DNCH2; DYH1B; SRTD3; SRPS2B; hdhc11
Summary
This gene encodes a large cytoplasmic dynein protein that is involved in retrograde transport in the cilium and has a role in intraflagellar transport, a process required for ciliary/flagellar assembly. Mutations in this gene cause a heterogeneous spectrum of conditions related to altered primary cilium function and often involve polydactyly, abnormal skeletogenesis, and polycystic kidneys. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]
Expression
Broad expression in testis (RPKM 4.1), thyroid (RPKM 3.0) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See DYNC2H1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
11q22.3
Exon count:
90
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (103109426..103479863)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (103113153..103483765)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (102980155..103350591)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L21 pseudogene 96 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:102962009-102962626 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:102962627-102963244 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5450 Neighboring gene defective in cullin neddylation 1 domain containing 5 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5451 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5452 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:103012329-103012830 Neighboring gene MT-ATP6 pseudogene 15 Neighboring gene MT-CO3 pseudogene 15 Neighboring gene MT-CO1 pseudogene 15 Neighboring gene MT-CO2 pseudogene 15 Neighboring gene MT-ND2 pseudogene 26 Neighboring gene MT-ND1 pseudogene 36 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:103452251-103453176 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:103454489-103455412 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr11:103496216-103497415 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105369463 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 2 pseudogene Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:103552669-103553387 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5453 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr11:103609900-103610445 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak1439 silencer Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC102723862

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy 3
MedGen: C0036069 OMIM: 613091 GeneReviews: Not available
Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association study of ancestry-specific TB risk in the South African Coloured population.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide association study of selenium concentrations.
EBI GWAS Catalog
Genome-wide interrogation identifies YAP1 variants associated with survival of small-cell lung cancer patients.
EBI GWAS Catalog

HIV-1 interactions

Replication interactions

Interaction Pubs
Dynein heavy chain knockdown by siRNA enhances HIV-1 infectivity in TRIMCyp-expressing HeLa cells but not in TRIMCyp-expressing owl monkey cells PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
capsid gag HIV-1 CA uncoating is delayed in the presence of ciliobrevin D, a specific inhibitor of dynein-mediated motor function, indicating that dynein is involved in CA uncoating in cells PubMed
gag Dynein heavy chain depletion causes the accumulation of HIV-1 CA cores in infected cells and relocates their subcellular distribution from the vicinity of the nucleus to the cell periphery PubMed
reverse transcriptase gag-pol Dynein heavy chain (DHC) depletion causes reduced levels of HIV-1 reverse transcribed DNA in infected cells, suggesting RT activity is regulated by DHC PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Clone Names

  • FLJ11756

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables ATP hydrolysis activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables cytoskeletal motor activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables dynein intermediate chain binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
enables dynein light intermediate chain binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
contributes_to minus-end-directed microtubule motor activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in Golgi organization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
involved_in cilium assembly IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in cilium movement involved in cell motility IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in coronary vasculature development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in determination of left/right symmetry IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in dorsal/ventral pattern formation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in embryonic limb morphogenesis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in forebrain development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in intraciliary retrograde transport IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in kidney development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in non-motile cilium assembly IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in protein localization to cilium IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in protein processing IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in spinal cord motor neuron differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in 9+2 motile cilium IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in Golgi apparatus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in apical part of cell IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
is_active_in axoneme IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in ciliary tip TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
located_in cilium TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 
part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
part_of cytoplasmic dynein complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in microtubule IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1
Names
dynein cytoplasmic heavy chain 2
dynein heavy chain 11
dynein heavy chain, isotype 1B
dynein, cytoplasmic, heavy polypeptide 2

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_016423.2 RefSeqGene

    Range
    4996..375433
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001080463.2NP_001073932.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform 2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer isoform (2).
    Source sequence(s)
    AP000817, AP001486, AP002829, AP002961, AP003382, AP003461
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS44717.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0I1S0
    Related
    ENSP00000497174.1, ENST00000650373.2
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    pfam03028
    Location:36224303
    Dynein_heavy; Dynein heavy chain and region D6 of dynein motor
    pfam07728
    Location:19742110
    AAA_5; AAA domain (dynein-related subfamily)
    pfam08385
    Location:162639
    DHC_N1; Dynein heavy chain, N-terminal region 1
    pfam08393
    Location:11201519
    DHC_N2; Dynein heavy chain, N-terminal region 2
    pfam12777
    Location:28973229
    MT; Microtubule-binding stalk of dynein motor
    pfam12781
    Location:32533474
    AAA_9; ATP-binding dynein motor region D5
    cl21455
    Location:16511881
    P-loop_NTPase; P-loop containing Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolases
  2. NM_001377.3NP_001368.2  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001368.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) lacks an in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 2. This results in a protein (isoform 1) that is seven aa shorter than isoform 2.
    Source sequence(s)
    AP000817, AP001486, AP002829, AP002961, AP003382, AP003461
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS53701.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    O00432, Q16693, Q3C1U8, Q4AC93, Q6ZMX7, Q6ZUM6, Q7Z363, Q8N977, Q8NCM8, Q92815, Q9HAE4
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0I1S0
    Related
    ENSP00000364887.2, ENST00000375735.7
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    pfam03028
    Location:36154296
    Dynein_heavy; Dynein heavy chain and region D6 of dynein motor
    pfam07728
    Location:19742110
    AAA_5; AAA domain (dynein-related subfamily)
    pfam08385
    Location:162639
    DHC_N1; Dynein heavy chain, N-terminal region 1
    pfam08393
    Location:11201519
    DHC_N2; Dynein heavy chain, N-terminal region 2
    pfam12777
    Location:28973229
    MT; Microtubule-binding stalk of dynein motor
    pfam12781
    Location:32533467
    AAA_9; ATP-binding dynein motor region D5
    cl21455
    Location:16511881
    P-loop_NTPase; P-loop containing Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolases

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    103109426..103479863
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017018291.2XP_016873780.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0I1S0
  2. XM_006718903.3XP_006718966.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0I1S0
    Conserved Domains (7) summary
    pfam03028
    Location:36084289
    Dynein_heavy; Dynein heavy chain and region D6 of dynein motor
    pfam07728
    Location:19742110
    AAA_5; AAA domain (dynein-related subfamily)
    pfam08385
    Location:162639
    DHC_N1; Dynein heavy chain, N-terminal region 1
    pfam08393
    Location:11201519
    DHC_N2; Dynein heavy chain, N-terminal region 2
    pfam12777
    Location:28903222
    MT; Microtubule-binding stalk of dynein motor
    pfam12781
    Location:32463460
    AAA_9; ATP-binding dynein motor region D5
    cl21455
    Location:16511881
    P-loop_NTPase; P-loop containing Nucleoside Triphosphate Hydrolases
  3. XM_017018293.2XP_016873782.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform X4

  4. XM_017018292.2XP_016873781.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0I1S0

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    103113153..103483765
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054369941.1XP_054225916.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0I1S0
  2. XM_054369940.1XP_054225915.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0I1S0
  3. XM_054369943.1XP_054225918.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform X4

  4. XM_054369942.1XP_054225917.1  cytoplasmic dynein 2 heavy chain 1 isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B0I1S0

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_024606.2: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_024606.2: This RefSeq was suppressed temporarily based on the calculation that the annotated protein was shorter than a protein or proteins from a putative ortholog.