- AURKA Activation by TPX2, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
AURKA Activation by TPX2, organism-specific biosystemTPX2 binds to aurora kinase A (AURKA) at centrosomes and promotes its activation by facilitating AURKA active conformation and autophosphorylation of the AURKA threonine residue T288 (Bayliss et al. ...
- Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria, organism-specific biosystemThe switching on/off of its phosphorylation by growth/survival factors regulates BAD activity. BAD remains sequestered by 14-3-3 scaffold proteins after phosphorylation by Akt1. Calcineurin activate...
- Activation of BH3-only proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Activation of BH3-only proteins, organism-specific biosystemThe BH3-only members act as sentinels that selectively trigger apoptosis in response to developmental cues or stress-signals like DNA damages. Widely expressed mammalian BH3-only proteins are thought...
- Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemCilium biogenesis is initiated by the docking of basal bodies, a centriole-derived organelle, to the plasma membrane (reviewed in Reiter et al, 2012). The centriole consists of a multiprotein core su...
- Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemApoptosis is a distinct form of cell death that is functionally and morphologically different from necrosis. Nuclear chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic shrinking, dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and ...
- Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell, organism-specific biosystemCalcium is a common signaling mechanism, as once it enters the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory affects on many enzymes and proteins. Calcium can act in signal transduction after influx resu...
- Cell Cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cell Cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). Regulation of the cell cycle involves processes crucial to the survival of a c...
- Cell Cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cell Cycle, organism-specific biosystem
Cell Cycle
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cell Cycle Checkpoints, organism-specific biosystemA hallmark of the human cell cycle in normal somatic cells is its precision. This remarkable fidelity is achieved by a number of signal transduction pathways, known as checkpoints, which monitor cell...
- Cell Cycle, Mitotic, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cell Cycle, Mitotic, organism-specific biosystemThe replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells are controlled by a series of events collectively known as the cell cycle. DNA replication is carried o...
- Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystemMitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cycli...
- Cell cycle, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cell cycle, conserved biosystemMitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cycli...
- Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cell death signalling via NRAGE, NRIF and NADE, organism-specific biosystemp75NTR is a key regulator of neuronal apoptosis, both during development and after injury. Apoptosis is triggered by binding of either mature neurotrophin or proneurotrophin (proNGF, proBDNF). ProNG...
- Cellular response to heat stress, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cellular response to heat stress, organism-specific biosystemIn response to exposure to elevated temperature and certain other proteotoxic stimuli (e.g., hypoxia, free radicals) cells activate a number of cytoprotective mechanisms known collectively as "heat s...
- Cellular responses to stress, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cellular responses to stress, organism-specific biosystemCells are subject to external molecular and physical stresses such as foreign molecules that perturb metabolic or signaling processes, and changes in temperature or pH. The ability of cells and tissu...
- Centrosome maturation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Centrosome maturation, organism-specific biosystemThe centrosome is the primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in vertebrate cells and plays an important role in orchestrating the formation of the mitotic spindle. Centrosome maturation is an ...
- Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex, organism-specific biosystemDNA damage induced activation of the checkpoint kinases Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) results in the conversion and/or maintenance of CyclinB:Cdc2 complex in its Tyrosine 15 phosphorylated (inactive) state. Cdc2...
- Cilium Assembly, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cilium Assembly, organism-specific biosystemCilia are membrane covered organelles that extend from the surface of eukaryotic cells. Cilia may be motile, such as respiratory cilia) or non-motile (such as the primary cilium) and are distinguishe...
- Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt, organism-specific biosystem
Class I PI3K signaling events mediated by Akt
- Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models, organism-specific biosystemPost-mitotic neurons do not have an active cell cycle. However, deregulation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase-5 (CDK5) activity in these neurons can aberrantly activate various components of cell cycle lea...
- Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
- Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Epstein-Barr virus infection, organism-specific biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
- Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Epstein-Barr virus infection, conserved biosystemEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus that is associated with oncogenesis. EBV infection to primary human B lymphocytes leads to induction of EBV-specific HLA-restricted cytotoxi...
- ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
ErbB1 downstream signaling, organism-specific biosystem
ErbB1 downstream signaling
- FoxO family signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
FoxO family signaling, organism-specific biosystem
FoxO family signaling
- G2/M Checkpoints, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G2/M Checkpoints, organism-specific biosystemG2/M checkpoints include the checks for damaged DNA, unreplicated DNA, and checks that ensure that the genome is replicated once and only once per cell cycle. If cells pass these checkpoints, they f...
- G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint, organism-specific biosystemThroughout the cell cycle, the genome is constantly monitored for damage, resulting either from errors of replication, by-products of metabolism or through extrinsic sources such as ultra-violet or i...
- G2/M Transition, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
G2/M Transition, organism-specific biosystemCyclin A can also form complexes with Cdc2 (Cdk1). Together with three B-type cyclins, Cdc2 (Cdk1) regulates the transition from G2 into mitosis. These complexes are activated by dephosphorylation of...
- Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Gene Expression, organism-specific biosystemGene Expression covers the pathways by which genomic DNA is transcribed to yield RNA, the regulation of these transcription processes, and the pathways by which newly-made RNA Transcripts are process...
- Generic Transcription Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Generic Transcription Pathway, organism-specific biosystemOVERVIEW OF TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION: Detailed studies of gene transcription regulation in a wide variety of eukaryotic systems has revealed the general principles and mechanisms by which cell- or t...
- HSF1 activation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
HSF1 activation, organism-specific biosystemHeat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a transcription factor that activates gene expression in response to a variety of stresses, including heat shock, oxidative stress, as well as inflammation and infection...
- Hippo signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hippo signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemHippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size from flies to humans. In humans and mice, the pathway consists of the MST1 and MST2 kinases, their cofactor S...
- Hippo signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Hippo signaling pathway, conserved biosystemHippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size from flies to humans. In humans and mice, the pathway consists of the MST1 and MST2 kinases, their cofactor S...
- IGF1 pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
IGF1 pathway, organism-specific biosystem
IGF1 pathway
- Insulin-mediated glucose transport, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Insulin-mediated glucose transport, organism-specific biosystem
Insulin-mediated glucose transport
- Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemThe intrinsic (Bcl-2 inhibitable or mitochondrial) pathway of apoptosis functions in response to various types of intracellular stress including growth factor withdrawal, DNA damage, unfolding stress...
- LKB1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
LKB1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
LKB1 signaling events
- Lissencephaly gene (LIS1) in neuronal migration and development, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Lissencephaly gene (LIS1) in neuronal migration and development, organism-specific biosystem
Lissencephaly gene (LIS1) in neuronal migration and development
- Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Loss of Nlp from mitotic centrosomes, organism-specific biosystemDuring interphase, Nlp interacts with gamma-tubulin ring complexes (gamma-TuRC), and is thought to contribute to the organization of interphase microtubules (Casenghi et al.,2003). Plk1 is activated...
- Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Loss of proteins required for interphase microtubule organization from the centrosome, organism-specific biosystemIn addition to recruiting proteins and complexes necessary for increased microtubule nucleation, centrosomal maturation involves the loss of proteins involved in interphase microtubule organization ...
- Membrane Trafficking, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Membrane Trafficking, organism-specific biosystemThe secretory membrane system allows a cell to regulate delivery of newly synthesized proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids to the cell surface, a necessity for growth and homeostasis. The system is ma...
- Mitotic G2-G2/M phases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases, organism-specific biosystem
Mitotic G2-G2/M phases
- Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway illustrates signaling networks implicated in uterine muscle contraction at labor and quiescence throughout gestation (pregnancy). The muscle of the uterus, responsible for contractile ac...
- NADE modulates death signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
NADE modulates death signalling, organism-specific biosystemNADE protein (p75NTR-associated cell death executor) may induce cell death upon NGF binding, but not BDNF, NT3, or NT4/5 binding, to p75NTR. The NADE-dependent apoptosis is modulated by the 14-3-3-ep...
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Neurodegenerative Diseases, organism-specific biosystemNeurodegenerative diseases manifest as the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons, which is frequently accompanied by formation of misfolded protein deposits in the brain. Classification of neur...
- Neurotrophin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Neurotrophin signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins are a family of trophic factors involved in differentiation and survival of neural cells. The neurotrophin family consists of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic facto...
- Neurotrophin signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Neurotrophin signaling pathway, conserved biosystemNeurotrophins are a family of trophic factors involved in differentiation and survival of neural cells. The neurotrophin family consists of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic facto...
- Oocyte meiosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Oocyte meiosis, organism-specific biosystemDuring meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, called meiosis I and meiosis II. At meiosis I, homologous chromosomes recombine and then segrega...
- Oocyte meiosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Oocyte meiosis, conserved biosystemDuring meiosis, a single round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of chromosome segregation, called meiosis I and meiosis II. At meiosis I, homologous chromosomes recombine and then segrega...
- Organelle biogenesis and maintenance, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Organelle biogenesis and maintenance, organism-specific biosystemThis module describes the biogenesis of organelles. Organelles are subcellular structures of distinctive morphology and function. The organelles of human cells include: mitochondria, endoplasmic reti...
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
- PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, tra...
- Programmed Cell Death, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Programmed Cell Death, organism-specific biosystemCell death is a fundamental cellular response that has a crucial role in shaping our bodies during development and in regulating tissue homeostasis by eliminating unwanted cells. There are a number o...
- RAB GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RABs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RAB GEFs exchange GTP for GDP on RABs, organism-specific biosystemHuman cells have more than 60 RAB proteins that are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking. These small GTPases contribute to trafficking specificity by localizing to the membranes of d...
- RHO GTPase Effectors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RHO GTPase Effectors, organism-specific biosystemRHO GTPases regulate cell behaviour by activating a number of downstream effectors that regulate cytoskeletal organization, intracellular trafficking and transcription (reviewed by Sahai and Marshall...
- RHO GTPases activate PKNs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
RHO GTPases activate PKNs, organism-specific biosystemProtein kinases N (PKN), also known as protein kinase C-related kinases (PKR) feature a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain and three RHO-binding motifs at the N-terminus. RHO GTPases RHOA, RHO...
- Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Recruitment of mitotic centrosome proteins and complexes, organism-specific biosystemThe mitotic spindle becomes established once centrosomes have migrated to opposite poles and the nuclear envelope has broken down. During this stage, interphase centrosomes mature into mitotic centro...
- Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response, organism-specific biosystemThe ability of HSF1 to respond to cellular stresses is under negative regulation by chaperones, modulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, post-translational modifications and transition from monomer...
- Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition, organism-specific biosystemThe kinase activity of PLK1 is required for cell cycle progression as PLK1 phosphorylates and regulates a number of cellular proteins during mitosis. Centrosomic AURKA (Aurora A kinase), catalyticall...
- Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of Telomerase
- Regulation of Wnt-mediated beta catenin signaling and target gene transcription, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Regulation of Wnt-mediated beta catenin signaling and target gene transcription, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of Wnt-mediated beta catenin signaling and target gene transcription
- Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes, organism-specific biosystem
Role of Calcineurin-dependent NFAT signaling in lymphocytes
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- Signaling by Hippo, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Hippo, organism-specific biosystemHuman Hippo signaling is a network of reactions that regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis, centered on a three-step kinase cascade. The cascade was discovered by analysis of Drosophila mutation...
- Signaling by Rho GTPases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Rho GTPases, organism-specific biosystemThe Rho family of small guanine nucleotide binding proteins is one of five generally recognized branches of the Ras superfamily. Like most Ras superfamily members, typical Rho proteins function as bi...
- Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class II, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class II, organism-specific biosystem
Signaling events mediated by HDAC Class II
- Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signalling by NGF, organism-specific biosystemNeurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT-3, NT-4/5) play pivotal roles in survival, differentiation, and plasticity of neurons in the peripheral and central nervous system. They are produced, and secreted in mi...
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways, organism-specific biosystemIn this model, we provide an integrated view of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at the level of implicated tissues, signaling networks and genetics. The purpose of this model is to serve as an ov...
- TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem
TGF-beta receptor signaling
- TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes, organism-specific biosystemWhile the p53 tumor suppressor protein (TP53) is known to inhibit cell growth by inducing apoptosis, senescence and cell cycle arrest, recent studies have found that p53 is also able to influence cel...
- Transcriptional Regulation by TP53, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transcriptional Regulation by TP53, organism-specific biosystemThe tumor suppressor TP53 (encoded by the gene p53) is a transcription factor. Under stress conditions, it recognizes specific responsive DNA elements and thus regulates the transcription of many gen...
- Translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, organism-specific biosystemIn adipocytes and myocytes insulin signaling causes intracellular vesicles carrying the GLUT4 (SLC2A4) glucose transporter to translocate to the plasma membrane, allowing the cells to take up glucose...
- Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma, organism-specific biosystem
Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma
- Vesicle-mediated transport, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Vesicle-mediated transport, organism-specific biosystemThe transit of proteins and other cargo through the cell requires a cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bounded vesicles. Transported substances are enclo...
- Viral carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Viral carcinogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThere is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C vi...
- Viral carcinogenesis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Viral carcinogenesis, conserved biosystemThere is a strong association between viruses and the development of human malignancies. We now know that at least six human viruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C vi...
- a6b1 and a6b4 Integrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
a6b1 and a6b4 Integrin signaling, organism-specific biosystem
a6b1 and a6b4 Integrin signaling
- mTOR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
mTOR signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem
mTOR signaling pathway
- p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases, organism-specific biosystem
p38 signaling mediated by MAPKAP kinases
- p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
p75 NTR receptor-mediated signalling, organism-specific biosystemBesides signalling through the tyrosine kinase receptors TRK A, B, and C, the mature neurotrophins NGF, BDNF, and NT3/4 signal through their common receptor p75NTR. NGF binding to p75NTR activates a ...
- p75(NTR)-mediated signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
p75(NTR)-mediated signaling, organism-specific biosystem
p75(NTR)-mediated signaling