- ACE Inhibitor Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
ACE Inhibitor Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe core of this pathway was elucidated over a century ago and involves the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I (Ang I) by renin, its subsequent conversion to angiotensin II (Ang II) by an...
- AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, organism-specific biosystemAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a complex group of compounds produced through the non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, primarily due to aging and un...
- AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, conserved biosystemAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a complex group of compounds produced through the non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, primarily due to aging and un...
- ALK1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
ALK1 signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
ALK1 signaling events
- Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Adipogenesis, organism-specific biosystemThe different classess of factors involved in adipogenesis are shown. Adipogenesis is the process by which fat cells differentiate from predadipocytes to adipocytes (fat cells). Adipose tissue, compo...
- Allograft Rejection, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Allograft Rejection, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway illustrates molecular interactions involved in the fundamental adaptive immune response for allograft destruction. This pathway was adapted in large part from the KEGG pathway http://www...
- Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Amoebiasis, organism-specific biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
- Amoebiasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Amoebiasis, conserved biosystemEntamoeba histolytica, an extracellular protozoan parasite is a human pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Infection occurs on ingestion of contaminated water and food. The pathogenesis o...
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcription factor (part of the group of nuclear receptors) that responds to the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons. It regulates genes involved xenobiotic m...
- Canonical and Non-Canonical TGF-B signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Canonical and Non-Canonical TGF-B signaling, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is modeled after Figure 9 in the article "Gremlin utilizes canonical and non-canonical TGFB signaling to induce lysyl oxidase (LOX) genes in human trabecular meshwork cells". Gremlin is ...
- Cardiac Hypertrophic Response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cardiac Hypertrophic Response, organism-specific biosystemIntegrated schematic of the more extensively characterized intracellular signal-transduction pathways that coordinate the cardiac hypertrophic response. During development and in response to physiolo...
- Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cardiac Progenitor Differentiation, organism-specific biosystemFactors involved in the induction of cardiac differentiation in vitro and in vivo. This model was based on the below two review articles.
- Cell Cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cell Cycle, organism-specific biosystemThe cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). Regulation of the cell cycle involves processes crucial to the survival of a c...
- Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cell cycle, organism-specific biosystemMitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cycli...
- Cell cycle, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cell cycle, conserved biosystemMitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cycli...
- Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall, organism-specific biosystemLeukocyte extravasation is a rigorously controlled process that guides white cell movement from the vascular lumen to sites of tissue inflammation. The powerful adhesive interactions that are require...
- Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), organism-specific biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
- Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), conserved biosystemTrypanosoma cruzi is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease. The parasite life cycle involves hematophagous reduviid bugs as vectors. Once parasites enter the host body, they ...
- Chronic myeloid leukemia, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Chronic myeloid leukemia, organism-specific biosystemChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of a pluripotent stem cell. The natural history of CML has a triphasic clinical course comprising of an initial chronic phase (C...
- Chronic myeloid leukemia, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Chronic myeloid leukemia, conserved biosystemChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder of a pluripotent stem cell. The natural history of CML has a triphasic clinical course comprising of an initial chronic phase (C...
- Colorectal cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Colorectal cancer, organism-specific biosystemColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. CRC arises from the colorectal epithelium as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations in ...
- Colorectal cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Colorectal cancer, conserved biosystemColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second largest cause of cancer-related deaths in Western countries. CRC arises from the colorectal epithelium as a result of the accumulation of genetic alterations in ...
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemCorticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a neuropeptide secreted abundantly in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, amygdala, cerebral cortex and cerebellum in the central nervous system ...
- Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concen...
- Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, organism-specific biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
- Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, conserved biosystemCytokines are soluble extracellular proteins or glycoproteins that are crucial intercellular regulators and mobilizers of cells engaged in innate as well as adaptive inflammatory host defenses, cell ...
- Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response, organism-specific biosystemInflammation is a protective response to infection by the immune system that requires communication between different classes of immune cells to coordinate their actions. Acute inflammation is an imp...
- DNA Damage Response (only ATM dependent), organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
DNA Damage Response (only ATM dependent), organism-specific biosystemThis is the second pathway out of two pathways which deals with DNA damage response. It has two central gene products (ATM and TP53) which are connected with the first DNA damage response pathway. In...
- Deubiquitination, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Deubiquitination, organism-specific biosystemUbiquitination, the modification of proteins by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin (Ub), is a key regulatory mechanism for many many cellular processes, including protein degradation by the 26S pro...
- Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Developmental Biology, organism-specific biosystemAs a first step towards capturing the array of processes by which a fertilized egg gives rise to the diverse tissues of the body, examples of three kinds of processes have been annotated. These are a...
- Differentiation Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Differentiation Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway provides an overview of the directed differentiation molecules used to induce early and derivative cell lineages from human pluripotent stem cells. The initial version of this pathway is...
- Dilated cardiomyopathy, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, organism-specific biosystemDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac d...
- Dilated cardiomyopathy, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, conserved biosystemDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart muscle disease characterised by dilation and impaired contraction of the left or both ventricles that results in progressive heart failure and sudden cardiac d...
- Disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Disease, organism-specific biosystemBiological processes are captured in Reactome by identifying the molecules (DNA, RNA, protein, small molecules) involved in them and describing the details of their interactions. From this molecular ...
- Diseases of signal transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Diseases of signal transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignaling processes are central to human physiology (e.g., Pires-da Silva & Sommer 2003), and their disruption by either germ-line and somatic mutation can lead to serious disease. Here, the molecula...
- Dopaminergic Neurogenesis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Dopaminergic Neurogenesis, organism-specific biosystemConverted to human from mouse: http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP1498
- Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystemTGF-beta receptor signaling is downregulated by proteasome and lysosome-mediated degradation of ubiquitinated TGFBR1, SMAD2 and SMAD3, as well as by dephosphorylation of TGFBR1, SMAD2 and SMAD3. In t...
- ECM proteoglycans, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
ECM proteoglycans, organism-specific biosystemProteoglycans are major components of the extracellular matrix. In cartilage the matrix constitutes more than 90% of tissue dry weight. Proteoglycans are proteins substituted with glycosaminoglycans ...
- Elastic fibre formation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Elastic fibre formation, organism-specific biosystemElastic fibres (EF) are a major structural constituent of dynamic connective tissues such as large arteries and lung parenchyma, where they provide essential properties of elastic recoil and resilien...
- Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Endochondral Ossification, organism-specific biosystemEndochondral ossification is the process by which the embryonic cartilaginous model of most bones contributes to longitudinal growth and is gradually replaced by bone. During endochondral ossificatio...
- Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocytosis, organism-specific biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
- Endocytosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Endocytosis, conserved biosystemEndocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins en...
- Endoderm Differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Endoderm Differentiation, organism-specific biosystemModel depicting endoderm specification based on the literature and highly enriched gene expression profiles via comparison across dozens of independent induced and embryonic pluripotent stem cell lin...
- Extracellular matrix organization, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Extracellular matrix organization, organism-specific biosystemThe extracellular matrix is a component of all mammalian tissues, a network consisting largely of the fibrous proteins collagen, elastin and associated-microfibrils, fibronectin and laminins embedded...
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in recipient cells, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in recipient cells, organism-specific biosystemProtein sorting during formation of multivesicular bodies results in packaging of key molecules in exosomes. Exosomes bound-signaling ligands once released from host cells interacts with the receptor...
- FoxO signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
FoxO signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe forkhead box O (FOXO) family of transcription factors regulates the expression of genes in cellular physiological events including apoptosis, cell-cycle control, glucose metabolism, oxidative str...
- Glypican 1 network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Glypican 1 network, organism-specific biosystem
Glypican 1 network
- HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
HTLV-I infection, organism-specific biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
- HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
HTLV-I infection, conserved biosystemHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus that is associated with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). It is also strongly implicated in non-neoplastic chronic inflammato...
- Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
- Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hepatitis B, organism-specific biosystemHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an enveloped virus and contains a partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and...
- Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, organism-specific biosystemPathway model based on hub miRNAs and their putative targets from network analysis. - From a set of differentially expressed genes in both chronic HCV (hepatitis C virus) and HCC (hepatocellular carc...
- Hippo signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hippo signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemHippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size from flies to humans. In humans and mice, the pathway consists of the MST1 and MST2 kinases, their cofactor S...
- Hippo signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Hippo signaling pathway, conserved biosystemHippo signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that controls organ size from flies to humans. In humans and mice, the pathway consists of the MST1 and MST2 kinases, their cofactor S...
- Host Interactions with Influenza Factors, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Host Interactions with Influenza Factors, organism-specific biosystemInfection of a human host cell with influenza virus triggers an array of host processes that interfere with viral replication, notably the production of type I interferon. The viral NS1 protein plays...
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), organism-specific biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), conserved biosystemHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary myocardial disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance that is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricles with histological feat...
- IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
IL-3 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin 3 (IL-3) is a potent growth factor belonging to the super family of cytokines. IL-3 is a 20- 32kDa glycoprotein involved in the process of hematopoiesis. It is involved in the proliferati...
- IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4, organism-specific biosystem
IL12 signaling mediated by STAT4
- IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
IL27-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
IL27-mediated signaling events
- Immune System, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Immune System, organism-specific biosystemHumans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first crit...
- Infectious disease, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Infectious disease, organism-specific biosystem
Infectious disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), organism-specific biosystemInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to environmental and geneti...
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), conserved biosystemInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to environmental and geneti...
- Influenza Infection, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Influenza Infection, organism-specific biosystemFor centuries influenza epidemics have plagued man, and influenza was probably the disease described by Hippocrates in 412 BC. Today it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with...
- Influenza Virus Induced Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Influenza Virus Induced Apoptosis, organism-specific biosystemInfluenza A virus induces apoptosis in a variety of ways including activation of host TGF-beta by expression of viral NA, M1 and M2 proteins, and by the binding of viral PB1-F2 to host mitochondrial ...
- Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Integrated Pancreatic Cancer Pathway, organism-specific biosystemAn integrated pathway model which displays the protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the relevant proteins for pancreatic cancer. This pathway is a collection of different mechanistic protein pat...
- Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Interleukin-11 Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemIL-11 is a multifunctional cytokine that belongs to the gp130 family. It was first isolated from a primate bone marrow derived cell line, PU-34 for its ability to stimulate the proliferation of a pla...
- Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin-4 (IL4) is a principal regulatory cytokine during the immune response, crucially important in allergy and asthma (Nelms et al. 1999). When resting T cells are antigen-activated and expand...
- Intestinal immune network for IgA production, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Intestinal immune network for IgA production, organism-specific biosystemThe intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies tha...
- Intestinal immune network for IgA production, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Intestinal immune network for IgA production, conserved biosystemThe intestine is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body. One striking feature of intestinal immunity is its ability to generate great amounts of noninflammatory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies tha...
- Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Leishmaniasis, organism-specific biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
- Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Leishmaniasis, conserved biosystemLeishmania is an intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages that causes visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous diseases. The parasite is transmitted to humans by sandflies, where they survive and prol...
- Loss of Function of SMAD2/3 in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Loss of Function of SMAD2/3 in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemLoss-of-function of SMAD2 and SMAD3 in cancer occurs less frequently than the loss of SMAD4 function and was studied in most detail in colorectal cancer (Fleming et al. 2013). Similarly to SMAD4, cod...
- Loss of Function of TGFBR1 in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Loss of Function of TGFBR1 in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemTGF-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) loss-of-function is a less frequent mechanism for inactivation of TGF-beta signaling in cancer compared to SMAD4 and TGFBR2 inactivation. Genomic deletion of TGFBR1 locus...
- Loss of Function of TGFBR2 in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Loss of Function of TGFBR2 in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemLoss-of-function of transforming growth factor-beta receptor II (TGFBR2) is most prevalent in colorectal cancer. Over 60% of colorectal cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) harbor inactivati...
- Lung fibrosis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Lung fibrosis, organism-specific biosystemLung fibrosis pathway linked to events (molecular initiating event, key events and associative events) in a putative Adverse Outcome Pathway for lung fibrosis.
- MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
MAPK Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
MAPK signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Mammals e...
- Malaria, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Malaria, organism-specific biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
- Malaria, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Malaria, conserved biosystemPlasmodium protozoa are parasites that account for malaria infection. Sporozoite forms of the parasite are injected by mosquito bites under the skin and are carried to the liver where they develop in...
- Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Metabolism of proteins, organism-specific biosystemProtein metabolism comprises the pathways of translation, post-translational modification and protein folding.
- MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway shows the role of microRNAs in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. MicroRNA targets were predicted by the TargetScan algorithm, and the predicted interactions are shown in red dashed lin...
- Molecules associated with elastic fibres, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Molecules associated with elastic fibres, organism-specific biosystemProteins found associated with microfibrils include vitronectin (Dahlback et al. 1990), latent transforming growth factor beta-binding proteins (Kielty et al. 2002, Munger & Sheppard 2011), emilin (B...
- NRF2 pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
NRF2 pathway, organism-specific biosystemNRF2 is part of a group of transcription factors called nuclear receptors. It is activated under oxidative stress conditions and subsequently activates several antioxidative genes and proteins.
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), organism-specific biosystemNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepati...
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), conserved biosystemNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepati...
- Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions, organism-specific biosystemSeveral non-integrin membrane proteins interact with extracellular matrix proteins. Transmembrane proteoglycans may associate with integrins and growth factor receptors to influence their function, o...
- Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Osteoclast differentiation, organism-specific biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
- Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Osteoclast differentiation, conserved biosystemThe osteoclasts, multinucleared cells originating from the hematopoietic monocyte-macrophage lineage, are responsible for bone resorption. Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways...
- Pancreatic cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pancreatic cancer, organism-specific biosystemInfiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)...
- Pancreatic cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Pancreatic cancer, conserved biosystemInfiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the pancreas. When most investigators use the term 'pancreatic cancer' they are referring to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA)...
- Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Pathways in cancer, organism-specific biosystem
Pathways in cancer
- Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
- Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelets function as exocytotic cells, secreting a plethora of effector molecules at sites of vascular injury. Platelets contain a number of distinguishable storage granules including alpha granules...
- Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Post-translational protein modification, organism-specific biosystemAfter translation, many newly formed proteins undergo further covalent modifications that alter their functional properties and that are essentially irreversible under physiological conditions in the...
- Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis FSGS, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis FSGS, organism-specific biosystemPrimary or idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) a cause of nephrotic syndrome in children and adolescents, as well as an important cause of end stage renal disease in adults. FSGS is ...
- Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, organism-specific biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
- Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Proteoglycans in cancer, conserved biosystemMany proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of various types of cancer including proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis a...
- RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor, organism-specific biosystem
RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor
- Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Regulation of Telomerase, organism-specific biosystem
Regulation of Telomerase
- Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Renal cell carcinoma, organism-specific biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
- Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Renal cell carcinoma, conserved biosystemRenal cell cancer (RCC) accounts for ~3% of human malignancies and its incidence appears to be rising. Although most cases of RCC seem to occur sporadically, an inherited predisposition to renal canc...
- Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystemActivation of phospholipase C enzymes results in the generation of second messengers of the phosphatidylinositol pathway. The events resulting from this pathway are a rise in intracellular calcium an...
- Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Rheumatoid arthritis, organism-specific biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
- Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Rheumatoid arthritis, conserved biosystemRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease where persistent inflammation affects bone remodeling leading to progressive bone destruction. In RA, abnormal activation of the immune...
- SMAD2/3 MH2 Domain Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SMAD2/3 MH2 Domain Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemMutations in the MH2 domain of SMAD2 and SMAD3 affect their ability to form heterotrimers with SMAD4, thereby impairing TGF-beta signaling (Fleming et al. 2013).The SMAD2 and SMAD3 MH2 domain residue...
- SMAD2/3 Phosphorylation Motif Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
SMAD2/3 Phosphorylation Motif Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe conserved phosphorylation motif Ser-Ser-X-Ser at the C-terminus of SMAD2 and SMAD3 is subject to disruptive mutations in cancer. The last two serine residues in this conserved motif, namely Ser46...
- Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemSenescense and Autophagy Pathways in Cancer
- Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signal Transduction, organism-specific biosystemSignal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals elicit changes in cell state and activity. Transmembrane receptors sense changes in the cellular environment by binding ligands, such a...
- Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by Interleukins, organism-specific biosystemInterleukins are low molecular weight proteins that bind to cell surface receptors and act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. They were first identified as factors produced by leukocytes but a...
- Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex, organism-specific biosystemThe TGF-beta/BMP pathway incorporates several signaling pathways that share most, but not all, components of a central signal transduction engine. The general signaling scheme is rather simple: upon ...
- Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Signaling by TGF-beta Receptor Complex in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemSignaling by the TGF-beta receptor complex is tumor suppressive, as it inhibits cell growth and promotes cell differentiation and apoptosis (Shipley et al. 1986, Hannon et al. 1994, Datto et al. 1995...
- Simplified Interaction Map Between LOXL4 and Oxidative Stress Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Simplified Interaction Map Between LOXL4 and Oxidative Stress Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway Involved in chemo-resistance of cells in bladder cancer begins with LOXL2 activation of CDC37 and COL2A1. COL2A1 activates the complex NRF1/2 and two other complexes that trigger RTK/MAP...
- Spinal Cord Injury, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Spinal Cord Injury, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway provides an overview of cell types, therapeutic targets, drugs, new proposed targets and pathways implicated in spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a complex multistep process that...
- Syndecan interactions, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Syndecan interactions, organism-specific biosystemSyndecans are type I transmembrane proteins, with an N-terminal ectodomain that contains several consensus sequences for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) attachment and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. ...
- Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
Syndecan-1-mediated signaling events
- Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events, organism-specific biosystem
Syndecan-2-mediated signaling events
- T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex is composed of a ligand-binding subunit, the ? and ? chains, and a signaling subunit, namely the CD3?, ? and ? chains and the TCR? chain. This complex partic...
- TFs Regulate miRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TFs Regulate miRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy, organism-specific biosystemTranscription Factors that possibly regulate the expression of microRNAs related to cardiac hypertrophy. Interactions found by using TransMir. MicroRNAs are represented by a purple color and a rounde...
- TGF-B Signaling in Thyroid Cells for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TGF-B Signaling in Thyroid Cells for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is based on the Figure 7 of "Cadherin 6 Is a New RUNX2 Target in TGF-? Signalling Pathway" (see bibliography). TGF-B is a target gene in thyroid cells in the causation of cancer. When TG...
- TGF-beta Receptor Signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TGF-beta Receptor Signaling, organism-specific biosystemThe Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiat...
- TGF-beta Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
TGF-beta Signaling Pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe signal transduction mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological activities of transforming growth factor-? (TGF-?) have been extensively studied since its discovery nearly 30 years ago. TGF-? li...
- TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
TGF-beta receptor signaling, organism-specific biosystem
TGF-beta receptor signaling
- TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TGF-beta receptor signaling activates SMADs, organism-specific biosystemBinding of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1, i.e. TGFB1) to TGF beta receptor type 2 (TGFBR2) activates TGF beta receptor signaling cascade. TGFB1 is posttranslationally processed by fur...
- TGF-beta receptor signaling in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TGF-beta receptor signaling in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition), organism-specific biosystemIn normal cells and in the early stages of cancer development, signaling by TGF-beta plays a tumor suppressive role, as SMAD2/3:SMAD4-mediated transcription inhibits cell division by downregulating M...
- TGF-beta signaling, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
TGF-beta signaling, organism-specific biosystemFunctional set; Cellular processes; Cell signaling
- TGF-beta signaling, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
TGF-beta signaling, conserved biosystemFunctional set; Cellular processes; Cell signaling
- TGF-beta signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
TGF-beta signaling pathway, organism-specific biosystemThe transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species r...
- TGF-beta signaling pathway, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
TGF-beta signaling pathway, conserved biosystemThe transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are structurally related secreted cytokines found in species r...
- TGFBR1 KD Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TGFBR1 KD Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemMutations in the kinase domain (KD) of TGF-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) have been found in Ferguson-Smith tumor i.e. multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma - MSSE (Goudie et al. 2011), breast cancer ...
- TGFBR1 LBD Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TGFBR1 LBD Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemMutations in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of TGF-beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1) have been reported as germline mutations in Ferguson-Smith tumor (multiple self-healing squamous epithelioma - MSSE), an a...
- TGFBR2 Kinase Domain Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TGFBR2 Kinase Domain Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemMissense mutations in the kinase domain (KD) of TGF-beta receptor II (TGFBR2) are found in ~20% of microsatellite stable (MSS) colon cancers and make affected tumors resistant to TGF-beta (TGFB1)-med...
- TGFBR2 MSI Frameshift Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
TGFBR2 MSI Frameshift Mutants in Cancer, organism-specific biosystemThe short adenine repeat in the coding sequence of TGF-beta receptor II (TGFBR2) gene is frequently targeted by loss-of-function frameshift mutations in colon cancers with microsatellite instability ...
- Th17 cell differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Th17 cell differentiation, organism-specific biosystemInterleukin (IL)-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells serve as a subset of CD4+ T cells involved in epithelial cell- and neutrophil mediated immune responses against extracellular microbes and in the p...
- Th17 cell differentiation, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Th17 cell differentiation, conserved biosystemInterleukin (IL)-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells serve as a subset of CD4+ T cells involved in epithelial cell- and neutrophil mediated immune responses against extracellular microbes and in the p...
- Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Toxoplasmosis, organism-specific biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
- Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Toxoplasmosis, conserved biosystemToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that is prevalent worldwide. The tachyzoite form acquired by oral ingestion downmodulates proinflammatory signaling pathways via various mechan...
- Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation, organism-specific biosystemAdipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation by which preadipocytes become adipocytes. During this process the preadipocytes cease to proliferate, begin to accumulate lipid droplets and develo...
- Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, organism-specific biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
- Tuberculosis, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Tuberculosis, conserved biosystemTuberculosis, or TB, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. About 90% of those infected result in latent...
- UCH proteinases, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
UCH proteinases, organism-specific biosystemDUBs of the Ub C-terminal Hydrolase (UCH) family are thiol proteases that have an N-terminal catalytic domain sometimes followed by C-terminal extensions that mediate protein-protein interactions. Hu...