TRG T cell receptor gamma locus [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: TRGprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name: T cell receptor gamma locusprovided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:12271
See related: AllianceGenome:HGNC:12271
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: TCRG; TRG@
Summary: T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor gamma locus. The gamma locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the gamma chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a V segment with a J segment; the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random addition of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments of the gamma locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. Somatic rearrangement of the gamma locus has been observed in T cells derived from patients with T cell leukemia and ataxia telangiectasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
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Genomic context

Location:: 7p14.1

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2023_03	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	7	NC_000007.14 (38240024..38368055, complement)
RS_2023_03	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	7	NC_060931.1 (38380942..38524936, complement)
105.20220307	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	7	NC_000007.13 (38279625..38407656, complement)

Chromosome 7 - NC_000007.14 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Memory and naive gamma delta regulatory T-cell gene expression in the first 24-weeks of peanut oral immunotherapy.
Title: Memory and naïve gamma delta regulatory T-cell gene expression in the first 24-weeks of peanut oral immunotherapy.
This study investigated the proportion, phenotype and T cell receptor gamma and delta repertoires of gamma delata T cells at the maternalfetal interface and in the blood of pregnant women. The study found an enrichment of activated and terminally differentiated pro-inflammatory gamma delta T-cell effectors with specific location in the human decidua during early pregnancy.
Title: Early Pregnancy Human Decidua is Enriched with Activated, Fully Differentiated and Pro-Inflammatory Gamma/Delta T Cells with Diverse TCR Repertoires.
Studies indicate that gamma/delta T cells (gammadelta T cells) can be 'developmentally programmed' in the thymus to generate discrete gammadelta T cell effector subsets with distinctive molecular signatures.
Title: Thymic Determinants of γδ T Cell Differentiation.
Vgamma9Vdelta2 TCR activation is modulated by the GTPase activity of RhoB and its redistribution to BTN3A1.
Title: RhoB Mediates Phosphoantigen Recognition by Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Receptor.
Studies indicate that gammadelta TCR (gammadelta) T-cells play an essential role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines to the injury site after burn.
Title: The Role of Th-17 Cells and γδ T-Cells in Modulating the Systemic Inflammatory Response to Severe Burn Injury.
The nanobodies (VHHs) are useful for flow cytometry, magnetic-activated cell sorting and immunocytochemistry to study Vgamma9Vdelta2-T cells.
Title: Highly specific and potently activating Vγ9Vδ2-T cell specific nanobodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Data indicate the expression of a chimeric T-cell receptor alpha beta (alphabeta TCR) harboring the immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domain of T-cell receptor gamma delta (gammadelta TCR) in Jurkat T cells.
Title: [Homology modeling and eukaryotic expression of a modified αβ TCR harboring the immunoglobulin-like domain of γδ TCR].
Data indicate that gamma delta (GD) T cells are essential components of the adaptive and innate immune system in the female reproductive tract.
Title: Bacterial Vaginosis Is Associated with Loss of Gamma Delta T Cells in the Female Reproductive Tract in Women in the Miami Women Interagency HIV Study (WIHS): A Cross Sectional Study.
Gamma-delta T cells and their corresponding T cell receptors hold pomise for cancer immunotherapy. (Review)
Title: The promise of γδ T cells and the γδ T cell receptor for cancer immunotherapy.
T cell receptor delta gamma + intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are developmentally the prominent IEL subtype in the immature murine and human gut.
Title: Small intestinal intraepithelial TCRγδ+ T lymphocytes are present in the premature intestine but selectively reduced in surgical necrotizing enterocolitis.

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Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

General gene information

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Markers

GDB:4584962 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:28171

TCRG (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:50724

GDB:1318008 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:75086

D7S2865 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:82071

TCRG (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:9391

GDB:385545 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157136

STS-R68651 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:77019

RH11095 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41947

Other Names

T-cell antigen receptor, gamma polypeptide
T-cell rearranging gene, gamma
T-cell receptor, gamma cluster
TCRG, TRG@

General protein information

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Names: T cell receptor gamma locus; T-cell antigen receptor, gamma polypeptide; T-cell rearranging gene, gamma; T-cell receptor, gamma cluster; TCRG, TRG@

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.