Gys1 glycogen synthase 1 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Gys1provided by RGD
Official Full Name: glycogen synthase 1provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:1589798
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000020812 AllianceGenome:RGD:1589798
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables D-glucose binding activity and alpha-1,4-glucan glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose donor) activity. Involved in glycogen biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in inclusion body. Predicted to be active in cytosol. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in cardiovascular system disease. Orthologous to human GYS1 (glycogen synthase 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, May 2025]
Expression: Biased expression in Muscle (RPKM 811.3), Heart (RPKM 315.5) and 5 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1q22

Exon count:: 16

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	1	NC_086019.1 (105051916..105071763)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	1	NC_051336.1 (95915443..95935292)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	1	NC_005100.4 (101427195..101447092)

Chromosome 1 - NC_086019.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

After contraction insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis was increased by rather similar magnitude at all glycogen contents in concert with increased glycogen synthase activation.
Title: Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and glycogen synthase activation after electrical stimulation of epitrochlearis muscles with different initial glycogen contents.
After contraction, glycogen synthase (GS) was increased to similar levels in muscles with low, normal and high glycogen content; rate of glycogen synthesis after contraction was also similar; insulin increased GS activation at all glycogen contents.
Title: Glycogen content regulates insulin- but not contraction-mediated glycogen synthase activation in the rat slow-twitch soleus muscles.
Glycogen content regulates glycogen synthase (GS) affinity for UDP-glucose. Contraction increases GS affinity for UDP-glucose independently of glycogen content and creates a unique phosphorylation pattern.
Title: Glycogen content and contraction regulate glycogen synthase phosphorylation and affinity for UDP-glucose in rat skeletal muscles.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

RH141082 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:223080

PMC86435P3 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273525

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables D-glucose binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables alpha-1,4-glucan glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose donor) activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables alpha-1,4-glucan glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose donor) activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables alpha-1,4-glucan glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose donor) activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables alpha-1,4-glucan glucosyltransferase (UDP-glucose donor) activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables glycogen synthase activity, transferring glucose-1-phosphate	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within glycogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glycogen biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in glycogen metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within heart development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in inclusion body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle

Names: glycogen synthase 1, muscle

NP_001103085.1

EC 2.4.1.11

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001109615.1 → NP_001103085.1 glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001103085.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

CH473979

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

A2RRU1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A8I5ZWA2, A6JB31

Related

ENSRNOP00000028271.2, ENSRNOT00000028271.5

Conserved Domains (3) summary

cd03793
Location:26 → 615

GT1_Glycogen_synthase_GSY2_like; Glycogen synthase, which is most closely related to the GT1 family of glycosyltransferases, catalyzes the transfer of a glucose molecule from UDP-glucose to a terminal branch of a glycogen molecule, a rate-limit step of glycogen biosynthesis. GSY2, the ...

pfam05693
Location:31 → 663

Glycogen_syn; Glycogen synthase

pfam15151
Location:645 → 732

RGCC; Response gene to complement 32 protein family