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SYN1 synapsin I [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 6853, updated on 27-Nov-2024

Summary

Official Symbol
SYN1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
synapsin Iprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:11494
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000008056 MIM:313440; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11494
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
SYNI; EPILX; MRX50; SYN1a; SYN1b; EPILX1
Summary
This gene is a member of the synapsin gene family. Synapsins encode neuronal phosphoproteins which associate with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. Family members are characterized by common protein domains, and they are implicated in synaptogenesis and the modulation of neurotransmitter release, suggesting a potential role in several neuropsychiatric diseases. This member of the synapsin family plays a role in regulation of axonogenesis and synaptogenesis. The protein encoded serves as a substrate for several different protein kinases and phosphorylation may function in the regulation of this protein in the nerve terminal. Mutations in this gene may be associated with X-linked disorders with primary neuronal degeneration such as Rett syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Biased expression in brain (RPKM 99.5) and adrenal (RPKM 5.6) See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

See SYN1 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
Xp11.3-p11.23
Exon count:
13
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) X NC_000023.11 (47571901..47619857, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) X NC_060947.1 (46981791..47029757, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) X NC_000023.10 (47431300..47479256, complement)

Chromosome X - NC_000023.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124905183 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:47372169-47372670 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:47372671-47373170 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak7378 silencer Neighboring gene NUS1 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20805 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20806 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 9461 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124905184 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:47415445-47415946 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20807 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 4668 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:47434199-47434706 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:47434707-47435213 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chrX:47435306-47435806 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5152 Neighboring gene A-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Neighboring gene CRISPRi-FlowFISH-validated HDAC6 regulatory element 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20808 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 20809 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 5754 Neighboring gene TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Neighboring gene microRNA 4769 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 11481 Neighboring gene complement factor properdin Neighboring gene CRISPRi-FlowFISH-validated PLP2 regulatory element 2 Neighboring gene ETS transcription factor ELK1

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Expression

  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Phenotypes

Associated conditions

Description Tests
Epilepsy, X-linked 1, with variable learning disabilities and behavior disorders
MedGen: C5774177 OMIM: 300491 GeneReviews: Not available
not available
Intellectual disability, X-linked 50
MedGen: C1848087 OMIM: 300115 GeneReviews: Not available
not available

Copy number response

Description
Copy number response
Triplosensitivity

No evidence available (Last evaluated 2022-07-12)

ClinGen Genome Curation Page
Haploinsufficency

Sufficient evidence for dosage pathogenicity (Last evaluated 2022-07-12)

ClinGen Genome Curation PagePubMed

HIV-1 interactions

Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Tat tat Treatment of microglia cells with HIV-1 Tat shows TAU5 and synapsin-1 positive inclusions in cells PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

Interactions

Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Markers

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables ATP binding TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables actin binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables calcium-dependent protein binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables cytoskeletal protein-membrane anchor activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
enables identical protein binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
PubMed 
enables protein kinase binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in chemical synaptic transmission TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in neuron development IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in neurotransmitter secretion IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in regulation of neurotransmitter secretion TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of synaptic vesicle cycle IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
involved_in regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
PubMed 
involved_in regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
involved_in synapse organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
involved_in synaptic vesicle clustering IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in axon IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in cell body IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in cytoskeleton IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in dendrite IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in postsynaptic density IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in presynapse IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
PubMed 
located_in presynaptic active zone IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 
located_in synaptic vesicle TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
PubMed 
is_active_in synaptic vesicle membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
 
located_in synaptonemal complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 

General protein information

Preferred Names
synapsin-1
Names
brain protein 4.1
synapsin Ib

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_008437.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5001..52957
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_006950.3NP_008881.2  synapsin-1 isoform Ia

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_008881.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (Ia) represents the longer transcript, and encodes the longer isoform (Ia). This isoform (Ia) contains a distinct domain E, as compared to isoform Ib.
    Source sequence(s)
    AI929645, BC036711, BC048799, Z84466
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS14280.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    B1AJQ1, O75825, P17600, Q5H9A9
    Related
    ENSP00000295987.7, ENST00000295987.13
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    PRK07764
    Location:494686
    PRK07764; DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau; Validated
    pfam02078
    Location:115212
    Synapsin; N-terminal domain
    pfam10581
    Location:127
    Synapsin_N; Synapsin N-terminal
    cl17255
    Location:214416
    CPSase_L_D2; Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase L chain, ATP binding domain
  2. NM_133499.2NP_598006.1  synapsin-1 isoform Ib

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_598006.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (Ib) utilizes an alternative splice acceptor site in terminal exon compared to variant Ia, resulting in the lack of an internal segment and a frameshift. This variant encodes isoform Ib, which contains a shorter carboxyl terminus and a distinct domain F, as compared to isoform Ia.
    Source sequence(s)
    AI929645, BC036711, BC048799
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS35233.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P17600
    Related
    ENSP00000343206.4, ENST00000340666.5
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    PHA03247
    Location:498669
    PHA03247; large tegument protein UL36; Provisional
    pfam02078
    Location:115212
    Synapsin; N-terminal domain
    pfam10581
    Location:127
    Synapsin_N; Synapsin N-terminal
    cl17255
    Location:214416
    CPSase_L_D2; Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase L chain, ATP binding domain

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000023.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    47571901..47619857 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060947.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    46981791..47029757 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)