SOD1 superoxide dismutase 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: SOD1provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: superoxide dismutase 1provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:11179
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000142168 MIM:147450; Vega:OTTHUMG00000084878
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: ALS; SOD; ALS1; IPOA; hSod1; HEL-S-44; homodimer
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene binds copper and zinc ions and is one of two isozymes responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals in the body. The encoded isozyme is a soluble cytoplasmic protein, acting as a homodimer to convert naturally-occuring but harmful superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The other isozyme is a mitochondrial protein. Mutations in this gene have been implicated as causes of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rare transcript variants have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression: Ubiquitous expression in liver (RPKM 426.2), kidney (RPKM 226.6) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all

Genomic context

Location:: 21q22.11

Exon count:: 5

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
109	current	GRCh38.p12 (GCF_000001405.38)	21	NC_000021.9 (31659622..31668931)
105	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	21	NC_000021.8 (33031935..33041244)

Chromosome 21 - NC_000021.9 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Jun 15 11:32:44 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into FunctionsWhat's a GeneRIF?

SOD1 is S-acetylated in spinal cord homogenates from ALS and non-ALS subjects. The degree of S-acylation is highest for SOD1-CCS heterodimers and lowest for SOD1 monomers.
Title: S-acylation of SOD1, CCS, and a stable SOD1-CCS heterodimer in human spinal cords from ALS and non-ALS subjects.
Study suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress increases the susceptibility of SOD1WT to aggregate during aging, operating as a possible risk factor for developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress leads to accumulation of wild-type SOD1 aggregates associated with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Metallation and oxidation of SOD1 stabilize the native, mature conformation and decrease the number of detected excited conformational states.
Title: Effects of maturation on the conformational free-energy landscape of SOD1.
results thus shed light on the role of local unfolding and conformational dynamics in aggregation of SOD1
Title: Alterations in local stability and dynamics of A4V SOD1 in the presence of trifluoroethanol.
Certain SOD1 mutants, viz. His80Arg and Asp83Gly, were recognized that were more damaging to the Zn binding loop than all other mutants, leading to a loss of Zn binding with altered coordination of the Zn ion. Furthermore, the conformational stability, compactness, and secondary structural alteration of the His80Arg and Asp83Gly mutants were monitored using distinct parameters.
Title: A theoretical study on Zn binding loop mutants instigating destabilization and metal binding loss in human SOD1 protein.
describe here two cases of apparently sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with mutations, respectively, in SOD1 and TARDP genes
Title: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with long lasting disease course and SOD1 and TARDBP mutations: Report of two cases and overview of the literature.
that global changes in DNA methylation might contribute to the ALS phenotype in carriers of not fully penetrant SOD1 mutations
Title: Increase in DNA methylation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis carriers of not fully penetrant SOD1 mutations.
The present study indicating that although the Ins/Del polymorphism of SOD1 is associated with the SOD1 expression levels, this polymorphism is not associated with the risk of dependency to heroin.
Title: Influence of a 50bp Ins/Del polymorphism at promoter of the superoxide dismutase-1 on gene expression and risk of heroin dependency.
The mutant human SOD1-G93A protein induced axonal and myelin degeneration during the progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a mouse model and participated in axon remyelination and regeneration in response to injury.
Title: Progressive Degeneration and Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in the SOD1-G93A Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
SOD1 oligomer and not the mature form of aggregated fibril is critical for the neurotoxic effects in the model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Title: Large SOD1 aggregates, unlike trimeric SOD1, do not impact cell viability in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (861)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1 MedGen: C1862939 OMIM: 105400 GeneReviews: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Overview	Compare labs

NHGRI GWAS Catalog

Description
Chromosome 9p21 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland: a genome-wide association study. NHGRI GWA Catalog NHGRI GWA CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Antioxidant enzymes such as Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and/or glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) protect neuronal cells from HIV-1 gp120-induced programmed cell death	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	Free radical scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and catalase attenuate morphine and gp160-induced human monocyte apoptosis	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates NQO1, CAT, SOD1, SOD2, and HMOX1 (HO1) mRNA levels in SH-SY5Y cells	PubMed
	tat	Exposure to HIV-1 clade B Tat protein has a greater inhibition of GSS, GPx1, SOD1, and CAT expression compared with exposure to clade C Tat protein in monocyte-derived immature dendritic cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat reduces the expression of MnSOD in several cell types	PubMed
	tat	Cotransduction with both SOD1 and GPx1 significantly prevents Tat-mediated increases in intracellular Ca2+ fluxes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 induced neuron apoptosis is protected by transduction with antioxidant enzymes, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1)	PubMed
	tat	Cell-permeable SOD inhibits the activation of MAP kinases including ERK, JNK and p38 and the upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by HIV-1 Tat	PubMed
	tat	Treatment of astrocytes with cell-permeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) leads to a decrease in Tat-induced ROS generation and NF-kappaB activation	PubMed
	tat	The membrane transduction efficiencies and biological activities of the SOD protein are enhanced by fusing with the Tat protein transduction domain (PTD) at both termini	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from BioSystems

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AGE/RAGE pathway, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
AGE/RAGE pathway, organism-specific biosystemAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are heterogeneous group of non-enzymatic malliard reaction products of aldose sugar with proteins and lipids. Formation of AGEs is an indicator of one of the ma...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystemAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The hallmark of this disease is the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), organism-specific biosystemAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The hallmark of this disease is the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), conserved biosystemAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal, degenerative disorder of motor neurons. The hallmark of this disease is the selective death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord...
Association Between Physico-Chemical Features and Toxicity Associated Pathways, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Association Between Physico-Chemical Features and Toxicity Associated Pathways, organism-specific biosystemThis pathway is based on Figure 8 of "Mapping drug physico-chemical features to pathway activity reveals molecular networks linked to toxicity outcome."(See bibliography). These 3 pathways demonstr...
Cellular responses to stress, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Cellular responses to stress, organism-specific biosystemCells are subject to external molecular and physical stresses such as foreign molecules that perturb metabolic or signaling processes, and changes in temperature or pH. The ability of cells and tissu...
Copper homeostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Copper homeostasis, organism-specific biosystemCopper is a redox-active transition metal and an essential trace element for life. It is a catalytic cofactor for numerous enzymes involved in critical biological processes (eg. detoxyfication by oxy...
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species, organism-specific biosystemReactive oxygen species such as superoxide (O2.-), peroxides (ROOR), singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and hydroxyl radical (OH.) are generated by cellular processes such as respiration (reviewe...
Dopamine metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Dopamine metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
Dopamine metabolism
FOXA1 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem (from Pathway Interaction Database)
FOXA1 transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem
FOXA1 transcription factor network
Folate Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Folate Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
Folate Metabolism
Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Hemostasis, organism-specific biosystemHemostasis is a physiological response that culminates in the arrest of bleeding from an injured vessel. Under normal conditions the vascular endothelium supports vasodilation, inhibits platelet adhe...
Huntington's disease, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Huntington's disease, organism-specific biosystemHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects medium spiny striatal neurons (MSN). The symptoms are choreiform, involuntary movements, personality...
Huntington's disease, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Huntington's disease, conserved biosystemHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects medium spiny striatal neurons (MSN). The symptoms are choreiform, involuntary movements, personality...
Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species, organism-specific biosystemAging is a complex process of accumulation of molecular, cellular, and organ damage, leading to loss of function and increased vulnerability to disease and death. Despite the complexity of aging, rec...
Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Longevity regulating pathway - multiple species, conserved biosystemAging is a complex process of accumulation of molecular, cellular, and organ damage, leading to loss of function and increased vulnerability to disease and death. Despite the complexity of aging, rec...
Oxidative Stress, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Oxidative Stress, organism-specific biosystemOxidative stress represents an imbalance between the production and manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to rep...
Peroxisome, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Peroxisome, organism-specific biosystemPeroxisomes are essential organelles that play a key role in redox signalling and lipid homeostasis. They contribute to many crucial metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of ...
Peroxisome, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Peroxisome, conserved biosystemPeroxisomes are essential organelles that play a key role in redox signalling and lipid homeostasis. They contribute to many crucial metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of ...
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelet activation begins with the initial binding of adhesive ligands and of the excitatory platelet agonists (released or generated at the sites of vascular trauma) to cognate receptors on the pla...
Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Platelet degranulation, organism-specific biosystemPlatelets function as exocytotic cells, secreting a plethora of effector molecules at sites of vascular injury. Platelets contain a number of distinguishable storage granules including alpha granules...
Prion diseases, organism-specific biosystem (from KEGG)
Prion diseases, organism-specific biosystemPrion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of ...
Prion diseases, conserved biosystem (from KEGG)
Prion diseases, conserved biosystemPrion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of ...
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystem (from REACTOME)
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+, organism-specific biosystemActivation of phospholipase C enzymes results in the generation of second messengers of the phosphatidylinositol pathway. The events resulting from this pathway are a rise in intracellular calcium an...
Selenium Micronutrient Network, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Selenium Micronutrient Network, organism-specific biosystem
Selenium Micronutrient Network
Vitamin B12 Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem (from WikiPathways)
Vitamin B12 Metabolism, organism-specific biosystem
Vitamin B12 Metabolism
reactive oxygen species degradation, organism-specific biosystem (from BIOCYC)
reactive oxygen species degradation, organism-specific biosystemGeneral Background All organisms living in an aerobic environment are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed through metabolic processes and various environmental stresses . ROS ar...
reactive oxygen species degradation, conserved biosystem (from BIOCYC)
reactive oxygen species degradation, conserved biosystemGeneral Background All organisms living in an aerobic environment are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are formed through metabolic processes and various environmental stresses |CITS: [...

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

G20764 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41750

A006F27 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:41751

GDB:455467 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:157465

GDB:185170 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155425

GDB:607616 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158241

RH80185 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:86306

GDB:185171 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155426

GDB:374780 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:156962

GDB:607623 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158243

GDB:607626 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158244

GDB:607629 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158245

SOD1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:479785

SHGC-87564 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:30768

PMC122237P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270388

PMC291829P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272436

PMC291829P2 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272437

GDB:192323 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155714

Sod1 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:144477

G34694 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:78956

SHGC-132804 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:170900

PMC316779P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:273047

GDB:181632 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:155319

SHGC-6902 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:20976

MARC_26673-26674:1036188363:1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:269054

Homology

Homologs of the SOD1 gene: The SOD1 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, chicken, zebrafish, fruit fly, mosquito, C.elegans, S.cerevisiae, K.lactis, E.gossypii, S.pombe, M.oryzae, N.crassa, A.thaliana, rice, and frog.
Orthologs from Annotation Pipeline: 233 organisms have orthologs with human gene SOD1
The Hierarchical Catalog of Orthologs

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
Rac GTPase binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
chaperone binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
copper ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
copper ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
identical protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
protein homodimerization activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
protein phosphatase 2B binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
superoxide dismutase activity	EXP Inferred from Experiment more info	PubMed
superoxide dismutase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
superoxide dismutase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
superoxide dismutase activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
superoxide dismutase copper chaperone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
zinc ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
zinc ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
activation of MAPK activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
anterograde axonal transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cell aging	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
cellular iron ion homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
cellular response to ATP	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to cadmium ion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cellular response to oxidative stress	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
cellular response to potassium ion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
embryo implantation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
embryo implantation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
glutathione metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
heart contraction	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
locomotory behavior	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
muscle cell cellular homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
myeloid cell homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
neurofilament cytoskeleton organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
ovarian follicle development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
oxidation-reduction process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
placenta development	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
platelet degranulation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
positive regulation of apoptotic process	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
positive regulation of catalytic activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
reactive oxygen species metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of GTPase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
regulation of T cell differentiation in thymus	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
regulation of blood pressure	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
regulation of multicellular organism growth	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
regulation of organ growth	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
regulation of protein kinase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
relaxation of vascular smooth muscle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
removal of superoxide radicals	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
removal of superoxide radicals	IC Inferred by Curator more info	PubMed
removal of superoxide radicals	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to amphetamine	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to antipsychotic drug	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to axon injury	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to carbon monoxide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to copper ion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
response to drug	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to ethanol	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to heat	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to hydrogen peroxide	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
response to organic substance	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
response to superoxide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
retina homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
retrograde axonal transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info	PubMed
sensory perception of sound	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
spermatogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
superoxide anion generation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
superoxide metabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
superoxide metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
thymus development	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
transmission of nerve impulse	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
axon cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytoplasmic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
cytosol	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
dendrite cytoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
dense core granule	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
extracellular exosome	HDA more info	PubMed
extracellular matrix	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info	PubMed
extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
mitochondrial intermembrane space	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
mitochondrial matrix	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
mitochondrion	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
myelin sheath	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
neuronal cell body	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
nucleoplasm	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info
nucleus	HDA more info	PubMed
nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
peroxisome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
peroxisome	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
colocalizes_with plasma membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
protein-containing complex	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]

Names: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase; SOD, soluble; epididymis secretory protein Li 44; indophenoloxidase A; superoxide dismutase 1, soluble; superoxide dismutase, cystolic

NP_000445.1

EC 1.15.1.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.